{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:04:20Z","timestamp":1777421060643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]],"date-time":"1992-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":717897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Levels of cytokines, interleukin (IL)\u20131\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were investigated in samples of the middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 144 ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by cytologic analysis. Middle ear effusions of the acute purulent type contained a significantly higher concentration of cytokines compared with normal control sera (p &lt; .001). Cytokines were observed at lower levels in MEE in adults than in children. Tests of children at the chronic stage of MEE showed higher levels of TNF than IL-1 and GM-CSF. Meanwhile, IL-1\u03b2 showed significantly higher concentrations in acute purulent types than in serous and mucoid types (p &lt; .01). In cytologic analysis, the mean level of IL-1\u03b2 was significantly higher in the neutrophil-rich group than in other groups (p &lt; .05). Cytokines possess several biologic properties, some of which are associated not only with acute otitis media but also with chronic otitis media. This study showed that cytokines, especially IL-1\u03b2, contribute to infiltration into the middle ear by inflammatory cells. This implies that the persistent presence of cytokines in MEE could be a factor in prolonged OME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489492101s1006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T14:37:43Z","timestamp":1483713463000},"page":"21-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Immunologic Characteristics of Cytokines in Otitis Media with Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Himi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Takezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akikatsu","family":"Kataura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(86)90124-6"},{"key":"bibr2-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894800890S336"},{"key":"bibr3-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488709128278"},{"key":"bibr4-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.11.4220","volume":"136","author":"Klebanoff SJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr5-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112705"},{"key":"bibr6-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199103000-00008"},{"key":"bibr7-0003489492101S1006","first-page":"597","volume":"70","author":"Goto F","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"bibr8-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860230050021"},{"key":"bibr9-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199102000-00011"},{"key":"bibr10-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.12.4238","volume":"140","author":"Chezzi P","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr11-0003489492101S1006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/346425a0"}],"container-title":["Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489492101S1006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003489492101S1006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:15:52Z","timestamp":1777374952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003489492101S1006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003489492101S1006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489492101s1006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4894","1943-572X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4894","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-572X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}}}