{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:51:40Z","timestamp":1780447900125,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]],"date-time":"1995-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":794016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is a retrospective analysis of a 29-year institutional experience with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children. Cases of LCH were categorized by disease extent into three groups: group 1, with a solitary focus of LCH; group 2, with multiple non-vital organ foci; and group 3, with vital organ disease. Sixteen patients averaging 7.3 years of age and with 11.0 years of follow-up presented in group 1. One child experienced a spontaneous remission; all other children responded to local treatment. The skull was the most common site of involvement. Eight children averaging 4.6 years in age and with 8.0 years of follow-up presented in group 2; 3 children had diabetes insipidus. Treatment included radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; however, disease persisted in all patients. Iatrogenic complications were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Only 1 patient, 1 year of age, presented with lung and liver involvement (group 3). He died after a fulminant course. Current recommendations for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of LCH are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510400301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:38:05Z","timestamp":1412347085000},"page":"173-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis of the Head and Neck in Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Simon I.","family":"Angeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Alcalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J. 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