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In the present study, using an animal model for graft-versus-host disease, we investigated the immune regulatory mechanism in the endolymphatic sac and demonstrated that donor T cells injected into the systemic circulation of recipients infiltrate and proliferate in the perisaccular region. These findings suggest that immunocompetent cells are supplied from the systemic circulation through blood-labyrinth and blood-endolymph barriers into the endolymphatic sac, and that the endolymphatic sac allows these cells to proliferate locally as a local immune defense. It therefore seems likely that the endolymphatic sac plays a crucial role in not only graft-versus-host disease but also autoimmune inner ear disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910801209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T14:38:05Z","timestamp":1412347085000},"page":"1146-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["T Cells Infiltrating from the Systemic Circulation Proliferate in the Endolymphatic Sac"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Iwai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneo","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tomoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Ikehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kikuya","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000348949910801209","unstructured":"Lim D, Silver P. The endolymphatic duct system. A light and electron microscopic investigation [Abstract]. In: Pulec J, ed. Proceedings of the Barany Society Meeting. 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Circulating immune complex in steroid-responsive sensorineural hearing loss and the long-term observation. 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