{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:03:04Z","timestamp":1777442584992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A multi-analytical approach was used to study the constituent materials, manufacturing technique, and state of conservation of a contemporary sculpture. This sculpture, entitled Nuredduna, was created by Aligi Sassu in 1995 and is located in the \u201cBellariva garden\u201d in Florence (Italy). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), optical and electronic microscopy (OM and SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) highlighted the multi-layered structure of the statue: fiberglass and an overlay of different layers (gel coat) applied with an unsaturated polyester resin added with aggregate materials and bromine compounds. A top-coat in acrylic black varnish, used as a finish, was also found. The combination of these materials with their different compositions, environmental impact, and even vandalism have negatively affected the state of conservation of Nuredduna, causing the loss of strata in its lower parts (legs and feet).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702815616736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T19:04:02Z","timestamp":1453835042000},"page":"174-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Painted Fiberglass-Reinforced Contemporary Sculpture: Investigating Composite Materials, Techniques and Conservation Using a Multi-Analytical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Salvadori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVBC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Cantisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVBC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Perla","family":"Colombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVBC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Gaia Rachele","family":"Tognon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVBC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003702815616736","volume-title":"Conserving Contemporary Art: Issues, Methods, Materials, and Research","author":"Chiantore O.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr2-0003702815616736","unstructured":"B. Keneghan. \u201cAssessing Plastic Collections in Museums by FT-IR Spectroscopy\u201d. In: B. Pretzel and IRUG, editors. Postprints IRUG2 at the V & A: Proceedings of the Second Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference (IRUG2). London, UK: Victoria & Albert Museum, 1998. pp. 21\u201324."},{"key":"bibr3-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2014.02.008"},{"key":"bibr4-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-4664-5"},{"key":"bibr5-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4233-3"},{"key":"bibr6-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9789048512072"},{"key":"bibr7-0003702815616736","unstructured":"POPART. \u201cPreservation of Plastic ARTefacts in Museum Collections\u201d. http:\/\/popart.mnhn.fr\/ [accessed Feb 9 2015]."},{"key":"bibr8-0003702815616736","unstructured":"La Conservazione Preventiva dell\u2019Arte Contemporanea. \u201cIl Progetto COPAC\u201d. http:\/\/copac.sns.it\/ [accessed Feb 9 2015]."},{"key":"bibr9-0003702815616736","unstructured":"INCCA: International Network for the Conservation of Contemporary Art. http:\/\/www.incca.nl\/ [accessed Feb 9 2015]."},{"key":"bibr10-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2012.08.003"},{"key":"bibr11-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2014.07.075"},{"key":"bibr12-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2006.06.004"},{"key":"bibr13-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(97)00114-6"},{"key":"bibr14-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(96)03102-4"},{"key":"bibr15-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927614013002"},{"key":"bibr16-0003702815616736","unstructured":"L. Beerkens, F. Breder. \u201cTemporary Art? The Production and Conservation of Outdoor Sculptures in Fiberglass-Reinforced Polyester\u201d. http:\/\/www.getty.edu\/conservation\/publications_resources\/newsletters\/27_2\/temporary_art.html [accessed Feb 9 2015]."},{"key":"bibr17-0003702815616736","first-page":"11","volume":"3","author":"Knuutinen U.","year":"2006","journal-title":"E-Preservation Science"},{"key":"bibr18-0003702815616736","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Degradation and Conservation of Plastic Artefacts of Pre-Synthetic \u201cEra\u201d Based on Natural or Artificial Polymers","author":"Martuscelli E.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr19-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/13-07199"},{"key":"bibr20-0003702815616736","unstructured":"M.R. Derrick, D. Stulik, J.M. Landry. \u201cChapter 5 \u2013 Spectral Interpretation\u201d. In: Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science. Los Angeles, CA: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1999. Pp. 82\u2013129."},{"key":"bibr21-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1296-2074(01)01107-4"},{"key":"bibr22-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3201-2"},{"key":"bibr23-0003702815616736","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Arte di Plastica, Guida all\u2019Uso Creativo di Resine, Poliuretani e Siliconi","author":"Andros","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr24-0003702815616736","unstructured":"A. Turco, F. Turco. \u201cResine Poliesteri. Caratteristiche Generali e Impieghi\u201d. In: Resine Poliesteri. Compositi e Plastici Rinforzati. Milan, Italy: Hoepli, 1997, pp. 1-19."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-0003702815616736","first-page":"13","volume":"45","author":"Ciolacu D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cellul. Chem. Technol"},{"key":"bibr26-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2275(95)90907-W"},{"key":"bibr27-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/S0883769400033017"},{"key":"bibr28-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(00)00168-3"},{"key":"bibr29-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4361(74)90140-2"},{"key":"bibr30-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1972.070160116"},{"key":"bibr31-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1972.070160117"},{"key":"bibr32-0003702815616736","unstructured":"F. Segovia, M.D. Salvador, V. Amigo, C. Bloem. \u201cThermal Ageing on G\n                      II\n                      Interlaminar Fracture Mode Response of Multiaxial 2D Composites\u201d. In: DURACOSYS 99, 11\u201314 July 1999, Bruxelles, B, 1999. Paper IV-8."},{"key":"bibr33-0003702815616736","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/qr9490300001"},{"key":"bibr34-0003702815616736","first-page":"47","volume":"55","author":"Nabil M.S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym"},{"key":"bibr35-0003702815616736","unstructured":"F. Szibor. \u201c\u201cNot for Eternity Maybe\u201d:\n                      1\n                      Franz West\u2019s Flause and Considerations on Outdoor Painted Sculpture\u201d In: Conserving Outdoor Painted Sculpture Proceedings from the Interim Meeting of the Modern Materials and Contemporary Art Working Group of ICOM-CC, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo, the Netherlands, June 4\u20135, 2013. Pp. 117\u2013122."},{"key":"bibr36-0003702815616736","unstructured":"S. Gagn\u00e9, M. Benoit. \u201cPreservation of Outdoor Painted Sculpture in Quebec\u201d. In: Conserving Outdoor Painted Sculpture Proceedings from the interim meeting of the Modern Materials and Contemporary Art Working Group of ICOM-CC, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo, the Netherlands, June 4\u20135, 2013. Pp. 131\u2013138."},{"key":"bibr37-0003702815616736","volume-title":"Conserving Outdoor Sculpture: The Stark Collection at the Getty Center","author":"Considine B.","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Applied Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003702815616736","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0003702815616736","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003702815616736","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:17:32Z","timestamp":1777378652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003702815616736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0003702815616736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003702815616736","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-7028","1943-3530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-7028","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}