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This study provides the first report on differentiation of the effects of seizures and carbamazepine (a widely used antiepileptic drug) therapy on bones; 50\u2009mg\/kg\/day drug was given to genetically induced absence epileptic rats for five weeks. Distinct bone regions including cortical, trabecular, and growth plate in each of tibia, femur, and spine tissues were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging and Vickers microhardness test. Blood levels of vitamin D and bone turnover biomarkers were also measured. According to the FT-IR imaging results, both seizure and carbamazepine-treated groups, more dominantly the drug-treated group, had lower mineral content with altered collagen crosslinks and higher crystallinity, implying reduced bone strength. Lower microhardness values also supported lower mechanical strength in bones. The most affected bone tissue and region from seizures and treatment was found as the spine and cortical, respectively. While there was a reduction in vitamin D and calcium levels in both seizure and carbamazepin-treated groups, significantly elevated PTH and bone turnover biomarkers were only seen in the drug-treated group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702817734617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T06:10:03Z","timestamp":1505369403000},"page":"689-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Side-Effects of Convulsive Seizures and Anti-Seizure Therapy on Bone in a Rat Model of Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Sebnem","family":"Garip Ustaoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafer","family":"Evis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gul","family":"Ilbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele Ludin","family":"Boskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feride","family":"Severcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)00002-0"},{"key":"bibr2-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.10.004"},{"key":"bibr3-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X14546350"},{"key":"bibr4-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02082.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.192338"},{"key":"bibr6-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.12.003"},{"key":"bibr7-0003702817734617","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00460.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr8-0003702817734617","first-page":"317","volume":"48","author":"Chou I.J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. 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