{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:04:42Z","timestamp":1777442682461,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new hyperspectral Raman imaging technique is described using a spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) and a microlens array (MLA). The new technique enables the simultaneous acquisition of Raman spectra over a wide spectral range at spatially isolated locations within two spatial dimensions ( x, y) using a single exposure on a charge-coupled device (CCD) or other detector types such as a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector. In the SHRS system described here, a 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094\u2009mm MLA with 1600, 100\u2009\u00b5m diameter lenslets is used to image the sample, with each lenslet illuminating a different region of the SHRS diffraction gratings and forming independent fringe images on the CCD. The fringe images from each lenslet contain the fully encoded Raman spectrum of the region of the sample \u201cseen\u201d by the lenslet. Since the SHRS requires no moving parts, all fringe images can be measured simultaneously with a single detector exposure, and in principle using a single laser shot, in the case of a pulsed laser. In this proof of concept paper, hyperspectral Raman spectra of a wide variety of heterogeneous samples are used to characterize the technique in terms of spatial and spectral resolution tradeoffs. It is shown that the spatial resolution is a function of the diameter of the MLA lenslets, while the number of spatial elements that can be resolved is equal to the number of MLA lenslets that can be imaged onto the SHRS detector. The spectral resolution depends on the spatial resolution desired, and the number of grooves illuminated on both diffraction gratings by each lenslet, or combination of lenslets in cases where they are grouped.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702820906222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T07:24:22Z","timestamp":1581060262000},"page":"921-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hyperspectral Raman Imaging Using a Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer with a Microlens Array"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Waldron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Ottaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9275-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Chance Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1455-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Michael Angel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.42.002829"},{"key":"bibr2-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702924124132"},{"key":"bibr3-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2018.07.013"},{"key":"bibr4-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702924125032"},{"key":"bibr5-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1250030105"},{"key":"bibr6-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.33.007520"},{"key":"bibr7-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1250210108"},{"key":"bibr8-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.19910031112"},{"key":"bibr9-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702934068017"},{"key":"bibr10-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702924123980"},{"key":"bibr11-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702963905330"},{"key":"bibr12-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702963905655"},{"key":"bibr13-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002301"},{"key":"bibr14-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.39.000229"},{"key":"bibr15-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-062011-143152"},{"key":"bibr16-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702953965155"},{"key":"bibr17-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702971939668"},{"key":"bibr18-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001950"},{"key":"bibr19-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.33.000567"},{"key":"bibr20-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.000120"},{"key":"bibr21-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/11-06298"},{"key":"bibr22-0003702820906222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702816631304"},{"key":"bibr23-0003702820906222","unstructured":"J.M. 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