{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:58:47Z","timestamp":1780383527758,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Center for Global Health and Medicine"},{"name":"Gakuin-tokubetsu kenkyu-hi Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005936","name":"Casio Science Promotion Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy for common screening of falsified medicines in the field by means of a device-independent universal discrimination approach. In order to provide a useful discrimination tool to protect people from low-quality medical products, not only is a low-cost and portable screening device necessary, but a reference library is also essential. The authors believe that a device-dependent reference library inhibits near-infrared spectroscopy from becoming a popular screening tool. In this study, to develop a device-independent method, discrimination performance is evaluated using different devices for training and testing. The training data sets for the reference library were prepared using a bench-top Fourier transform near-infrared spectrophotometer, and predictive discrimination was performed using the spectral data by a low-cost and portable wavelength dispersive near-infrared spectrophotometer. A near-infrared spectrum-based support vector machine was used for these purposes, but the screening resulted in low accuracy thought to be caused by the intrinsically device-dependent features of the spectra data. Thus, principal component analysis was performed to collect the proper components to discriminate low-quality products from standard products. The principal component score-based support vector machine was able to produce highly accurate results, identifying falsified products with no false positive cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702821999659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T09:36:59Z","timestamp":1613641019000},"page":"1251-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Device-Independent Discrimination of Falsified Amoxicillin Capsules Using Heterogeneous Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Devices for Training and Testing of a Support Vector Machine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Ichimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0003702821999659","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). \u201cWHO: A Study on the Public Health and Socioeconomic Impact of Substandard and Falsified Medical Products\u201d. http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/regulation\/ssffc\/publications\/se-study-sf\/en\/ [accessed May 12 2020]."},{"key":"bibr2-0003702821999659","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1662"},{"key":"bibr3-0003702821999659","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jems.12114"},{"key":"bibr4-0003702821999659","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asian Development Bank. \u201cPortable Screening Devices for Medicine Quality: Putting Power into the Hands of Regulators in Low-Resource Settings\u201d. 2018. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.22617\/BRF189611-2. 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