{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:15:02Z","timestamp":1777443302089,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The research consortium for Process Monitoring at Swerim AB"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of pulsing a radio frequency (RF) glow discharge lamp on analytical aspects in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) was investigated. The experiments were done with a LECO GDS950 spectrometer. This instrument has a fixed pulse frequency of 320\u2005\u2005Hz and adjustable pulse duty cycles (PDC) 100%\u20136.4%. In the first part, emission yields (EY) were studied by measuring coated steel samples in compositional depth profiling (CDP) mode. Variations in EY were measured by integrating the intensity of emission lines from several elements through the entire coatings at several PDC settings. The results show generally small EY variations. For improved accuracy, a set of correction constants is suggested. In the second part, the impact on signal-to-background (S\/B), signal-to-noise-noise (S\/N), and precision was investigated using \u201chigh current\u201d pulsing. This means increased pulse power leaving the average power constant at the different PDC settings. The samples were a low alloy steel and a high purity iron blank (background) sample. The results showed significant increase of the S\/B and S\/N for four out of six spectral lines investigated at increasing pulse power, showing potential for improved detection limits (DL). Furthermore, there was a tendency towards improved precision with higher pulse power. Finally, the effect on depth resolution in CDP was investigated by running a ZnNi coated steel using \u201chigh current\u201d pulsing. It was found that the depth resolution was unaffected up to 30% PDC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00037028251356458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T03:11:27Z","timestamp":1751944287000},"page":"1549-1558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Pulsing a Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Lamp on Emission Yields and Analytical Figures of Merit in Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-6015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"Bengtson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swerim AB, Isafjordsgatan 28A, SE-1604 07 Kista, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6987-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Malmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swerim AB, Isafjordsgatan 28A, SE-1604 07 Kista, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Quardokus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Ave, Saint Joseph, Michigan 49085-2319, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LECO Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Ave, Saint Joseph, Michigan 49085-2319, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Chichester","author":"Payling R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Payling R.. \u201cAn Overview of GD-OES\u201d. In: Payling R., Jones D.G., Bengtson A., editors. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy. Chichester","author":"Broekaert J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Broekaert J.. \u201cOptical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges\u201d. In: Marcus R.K., Broekaert J.A.C., editors. Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2003. Chap. 2. 10.1002\/0470857854.ch2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0584-8547(68)80023-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1662605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0584-8547(78)80079-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740030307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Chevrier M. Passetemps R.. Dispositif d'analyse de surfaces non conductrices. European Patent EP0296920A1. Filed 1987. Issued 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00042a008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740060406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0584-8547(85)80110-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/ja9900500563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740230102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0412-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0584-8547(96)01659-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/A708466H"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B513279G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60315a015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"LECO Corporation. \u201cGDS950 Extended Range Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometer\u201d. https:\/\/www.leco.com\/products\/gds950\/ [accessed Jan 22 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO). \u201cISO 16962:2017. Surface Chemical Analysis. Analysis of Zinc and\/or Aluminium Based Metallic Coatings by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry\u201d. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/66295.html [accessed 9 April 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9510797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-0305(93)80052-Z"}],"container-title":["Applied Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00037028251356458","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00037028251356458","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00037028251356458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1777378807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00037028251356458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00037028251356458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00037028251356458","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-7028","1943-3530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-7028","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}