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This study evaluated serum and salivary Raman spectroscopy (RS) for detecting OPMDs and oral cancers. Blood and saliva were collected from 13 non-habitual controls (NHC), 13 tobacco habitu\u00e9s (HC), 10 leukoplakia (L), 25 oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and 14 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) subjects. Raman spectra were acquired, pre-processed, and analyzed using multivariate methods. Serum outperformed saliva in individual classification models, achieving accuracies of 92%, 85%, 100%, 88%, and 85% for NHC, HC, L, OSMF, and OSCC, respectively. Saliva, despite its non-invasive advantage, showed higher misclassification among HC, L, OSMF, and OSCC. Low-level fusion of serum and saliva spectral data improved the classification of OSMF, OSCC, and NHC groups compared to saliva models. Mid-level fusion surpassed both biofluids, reaching 100% accuracy for NHC, L, and OSMF. Multivariate curve resolution\u2013alternating least squares analysis of serum revealed altered protein- and lipid-related features among groups. These findings demonstrate the potential of serum and salivary RS, particularly with data fusion, as effective tools for OPMD and oral cancer screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00037028261445469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:01:48Z","timestamp":1783512108000},"page":"907-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Raman Spectroscopy of Biofluids: Fusion Strategies for Detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Panchali","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment"},{"name":"Training School Complex, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Malu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nair Hospital Dental College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Hole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Vahanwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nair Hospital Dental College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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