{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:04Z","timestamp":1792787644857,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Ability Enhancement Program for Youth Scholar of School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","award":["SHNT202507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHNT202507"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mx0wr29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Spectrosc"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy-based framework was developed to efficiently evaluate fish oil quality. The workflow focuses on three main objectives: quantification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), detection of adulteration, and classification of purity. For EPA\/DHA quantification, spectra were preprocessed, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was compared with support vector regression, where PLSR achieved higher accuracy and more stable performance. For adulteration quantification, pure fish oil was spiked with rapeseed, soybean, corn, and palm oils at concentrations ranging from 0% to 50% (w\/w). Linear discriminant analysis of NIR spectra revealed distinct separation between pure and highly adulterated samples, with partial overlap at intermediate levels. PLSR models predicted adulterant percentages for all four oils with prediction R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    values \u2265 0.98 and low error. For purity classification, random forest models based on NIR spectra showed strong performance, and integration of selected gas chromatography variables through mid-level data fusion further improved accuracy to 91.7%. Overall, this NIR-based workflow provides a rapid, nondestructive, and reliable tool for label verification, supplier management, and routine quality assurance in fish oil products.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00037028261475399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:07:58Z","timestamp":1790255278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Authentication and Quality Assessment of Fish oil Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3659-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linlin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianggang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.000893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2019.1686761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dietetics3040041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2023.120270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1136490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2021.2159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12142753"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13243992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11081092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf501097c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-010-3483-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141564"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"288","article-title":"Grade identification of raw nongxiangxing baijiu based on fused data of near infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"45","author":"Zhang W","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhang G. Grade identification of raw nongxiangxing baijiu based on fused data of near infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Sci. 2024;45(21):288-296.","journal-title":"Food Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/13-07210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.06.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b04463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/lipidology1010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.3371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"\u201cDetermination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in health foods for export \u2014 Gas chromatography: SN\/T2922\u20142022","author":"General administration of customs of China","year":"2022","unstructured":"General administration of customs of China. \u201cDetermination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in health foods for export \u2014 Gas chromatography: SN\/T2922\u20142022. China Customs Publishing House; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.120841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11091116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8648-4_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8648-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/000370202321115878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2009.07.007"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"475","article-title":"A review of data analysis techniques used in near-infrared spectroscopy","author":"\u00c7atalta\u015f \u00d6","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c7atalta\u015f \u00d6, Tutuncu K. A review of data analysis techniques used in near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur. J. Sci. Technol. 2021(25):475-484.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/000370206776593627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.20R008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.120085"}],"container-title":["Applied Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00037028261475399","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00037028261475399","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00037028261475399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:39:18Z","timestamp":1790519958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00037028261475399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00037028261475399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00037028261475399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-7028","1943-3530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-7028","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"article-number":"00037028261475399"}}