{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:23:53Z","timestamp":1782833033493,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The bromocresol green (BCG) assay is commonly used for measuring albumin (ALB), but is affected by \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      - and \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -globulins, which are elevated in systemic inflammation. The modified bromocresol purple (mBCP) assay is another dye-binding method developed to overcome non-specific reactions. Concentrations of \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin, a major \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -globulin component, are increased in nephrotic syndrome (NS), but not in inflammation. There is little direct evidence that \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin affects BCG or mBCP assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We measured serum albumin concentrations in 33 patients with NS and 13 reference healthy controls using BCG (ALB\n                      <jats:sub>BCG<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and mBCP (ALB\n                      <jats:sub>mBCP<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) assays, and nephelometry (nALB) as a reference method. We also determined five specific proteins belonging to the \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      - and \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -globulins by nephelometry. After adding purified \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin to albumin solutions, protein reactivity in these three assays was compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nephrotic syndrome patients were categorized to tertiles according to nALB concentration. In all tertiles, ALB\n                      <jats:sub>BCG<\/jats:sub>\n                      was significantly higher than nALB, especially in the severe hypoalbuminemia group, in which \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin was 43\u201349% higher. By contrast, ALB\n                      <jats:sub>mBCP<\/jats:sub>\n                      and nALB were almost identical in all three groups. The difference between ALB\n                      <jats:sub>BCG<\/jats:sub>\n                      and nALB was positively correlated with the \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin concentration. In vitro, when \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin was added to solutions containing identical albumin concentrations, \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin dose-dependently increased ALB\n                      <jats:sub>BCG<\/jats:sub>\n                      , but not ALB\n                      <jats:sub>mBCP<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In NS, \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -macroglobulin is a major factor for positive bias of ALB\n                      <jats:sub>BCG<\/jats:sub>\n                      , especially in patients with severe hypoalbuminemia. The mBCP assay is useful for measuring albumin concentrations in NS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215574350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T23:33:15Z","timestamp":1423697595000},"page":"97-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The bromocresol green assay, but not the modified bromocresol purple assay, overestimates the serum albumin concentration in nephrotic syndrome through reaction with \u03b1\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    -macroglobulin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 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