{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:33:25Z","timestamp":1789544005033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against tumour necrosis factor, is widely used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions including Crohn\u2019s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Its use is limited by development of anti-infliximab antibodies, which can lead to loss of therapeutic efficacy. Serum infliximab and anti-infliximab antibody measurements have recently become routinely available in the UK. The study aimed to assess the clinical utility of antibodies as an adjunct to trough infliximab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum trough infliximab was measured in 201 samples from 108 gastroenterology and rheumatology patients on maintenance infliximab therapy. Results were correlated with C-reactive protein concentrations. Total anti-infliximab antibodies were measured in 164 samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median (25th\u201375th percentile) trough infliximab was 3.7\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL (1.2\u20135.2\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL) and 23% of samples had a concentration \u22641\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL. A notable proportion had positive anti-infliximab antibodies: 84\/164 (51%), which subdivided to 85% and 28% with infliximab \u22641 and &gt;1\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Serum C-reactive protein was found to be significantly higher where infliximab was \u22641 compared to &gt;1\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL (10\u2009mg\/L [&lt;5\u201324\u2009mg\/L] vs. &lt;5\u2009mg\/L [&lt;5\u20138\u2009mg\/L], P\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), although a strict correlation was not observed. The relationship between trough infliximab and C-reactive protein differed depending on antibody status and there was no association between C-reactive protein and the presence or absence of antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support measurement of anti-infliximab antibodies only in the context of low infliximab concentrations &lt;1\u2009 \u00b5g\/mL. A higher therapeutic cut-off may be relevant in patients with negative antibodies. Further work is indicated to investigate the clinical significance of positive antibodies with therapeutic infliximab concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215604866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]],"date-time":"2015-08-19T21:40:20Z","timestamp":1440020420000},"page":"477-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serum trough infliximab and anti-infliximab antibodies in a cohort of gastroenterology and rheumatology patients\u2019 infliximab therapeutic drug monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Nicola L","family":"Barlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Midlands, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pervaz","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Midlands, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, West Midlands, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000189901.08684.4b"},{"key":"bibr2-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710093371502"},{"key":"bibr3-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08512-4"},{"key":"bibr4-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905063401804"},{"key":"bibr5-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030815"},{"key":"bibr6-0004563215604866","unstructured":"NICE Guidance. Infliximab (review) and adalimumab for the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease. Available at: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/published TA187 (2010)."},{"key":"bibr7-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05246-0"},{"key":"bibr8-0004563215604866","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200746080-00002"},{"key":"bibr9-0004563215604866","unstructured":"NICE Guidance. Adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Available at: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/published TA130 (2007)."},{"key":"bibr10-0004563215604866","unstructured":"NICE Guidance. Etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Available at: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/published TA199 (2010)."},{"key":"bibr11-0004563215604866","unstructured":"NICE Guidance. Infliximab for the treatment of adults with psoriasis. 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