{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:01:36Z","timestamp":1787018496259,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total reflection X-ray fluorescence is a comparably new method for the measurement of trace elements in biological samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results obtained by total reflection X-ray fluorescence were compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy for Cu and Zn and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cu, Zn and Se in patient serum. The total reflection X-ray fluorescence assay was characterized for accuracy; recovery; intra- and inter-assay imprecision (using patients\u2019 samples, external quality assurance and quality control materials); limit of blank; limit of detection; linearity; interference and stability of prepared samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimal sample preparation is required for total reflection X-ray fluorescence and simultaneous multi-elemental analysis is possible in clinical samples. There was a small positive bias for Cu and Zn measurements using total reflection X-ray fluorescence compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a significant negative bias for Se measurements by total reflection X-ray fluorescence relative to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recovery, imprecision and linearity were acceptable. The limit of detection was shown to be 1.2\u2009 \u03bcmol\/L for serum Cu, 1.8\u2009 \u03bcmol\/L for serum Zn and 0.2\u2009 \u03bcmol\/L for serum Se.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurement of Cu and Zn in serum samples using total reflection X-ray fluorescence would be a viable alternative to atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The volatility of some Se compounds results in lower Se results being reported using total reflection X-ray fluorescence and further work would be necessary to identify whether total reflection X-ray fluorescence has an acceptable clinical sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of Se deficiency. Measurement of copper, zinc and selenium on whole blood samples is possible using total reflection X-ray fluorescence which may provide a more accurate assessment of trace element deficiency for patients with an acute phase response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218793163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T03:14:26Z","timestamp":1532920466000},"page":"170-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Method for measurement of serum copper, zinc and selenium using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the PICOFOX analyser: Validation and comparison with atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jinny","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Derriford Combined Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Derriford Combined Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hockridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Derriford Combined Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Stosnach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u00e1n J","family":"Costelloe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Derriford Combined Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0004563218793163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-00055-5"},{"key":"bibr2-0004563218793163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klockenkaemper R, von Bohlen A. Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis and related methods.  Hoboken, NJ:  John Wiley and sons, Inc, 2015, p.519.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118985953"},{"key":"bibr3-0004563218793163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoeflich J, Hollenbach B, Behrends T, et\u00a0al.  The choice of biomarkers determines the selenium status in young German vegans and vegetarians.\n                      Br J Nutr\n                      2010; 104: 1601\u20131604.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510002618"},{"key":"bibr4-0004563218793163","first-page":"409","volume":"36","author":"Nuttall KL.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"bibr5-0004563218793163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)00970-6"},{"key":"bibr6-0004563218793163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00187-X"},{"key":"bibr7-0004563218793163","first-page":"100","volume":"11","author":"Shenkin A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"bibr8-0004563218793163","first-page":"463","volume":"41","author":"Buxaderas SC","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Esp Fisiol"},{"key":"bibr9-0004563218793163","first-page":"381","volume":"46","author":"Feret FR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv X-Ray Anal"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0004563218793163","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0004563218793163","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0004563218793163","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:23:37Z","timestamp":1777379017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0004563218793163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0004563218793163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004563218793163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]}}}