{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:33:43Z","timestamp":1777444423292,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","award":["7172022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7172022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21472067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21472067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21672083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21672083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morning urine formaldehyde concentrations could predict the severe degree of dementia in patients with post-stroke dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. However, the routinely available technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detecting urine formaldehyde requires expensive and sophisticated equipment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a fluorescence spectrophotometric method by using a formaldehyde-specific fluorescent probe-NaFA (\u03bbex\/em\u2009=\u2009430\/543 nm). As a standard reference method, the same batch of urine samples was analysed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector (\u03bbex\/em\u2009=\u2009346\/422 nm). Then we compared the limits of detection and the limits of quantization detected by these two methods and addressed the relationship between urine formaldehyde and human cognitive ability. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating and Activities of Daily Living scale were used to evaluate cognition function in 30 Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients and 52 healthy age-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limits of detection and limits of quantization (1.27 and 2.48 \u03bcM) of the NaFA probe method were more accurate than Fluo-HPLC (1.52 and 2.91 \u03bcM). There was no difference in the detected formaldehyde values within day and day-to-day. Notably, only 3\/82 urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe were below zero, while 12\/82 of the values analysed by Fluo-HPLC were abnormal. More importantly, there were negatively correlated between urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe and MMSE scores, but positively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating scores in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This detecting urine formaldehyde method by NaFA probe was more rapid, sensitive and accurate than Fluo-HPLC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218812986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T05:59:22Z","timestamp":1540879162000},"page":"210-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A rapid and sensitive fluorescence method for detecting urine formaldehyde in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing No. 12 Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing No. 12 Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weishan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuechao","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongqiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Brain & Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Alzheimer\u2019s Optoelectric Therapy, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital 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