{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:34:09Z","timestamp":1790134449583,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT084210Z\/07\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT084210Z\/07\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT088357Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT088357Z\/09\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUK-HKF 17\/0005712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUK-HKF 17\/0005712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19SA058974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19SA058974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRC_MC_UU_12012\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRC_MC_UU_12012\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrointestinal hormones regulate intestinal transit, control digestion, influence appetite and promote satiety. Altered production or action of gut hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and peptide YY (PYY), may contribute to the biological basis of obesity and altered glucose homeostasis. However, challenges in analytical methodology and lack of clarity on expected values for healthy individuals have limited progress in this field. The aim of this study was to describe expected concentrations of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones in healthy volunteers following a standardized meal test (SMT) or 75\u2009g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 28 healthy volunteers (12 men, 16 women; mean age 31.3\u2009years; mean body mass index 24.9\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were recruited to attend a hospital clinic on two occasions. Volunteers had blood sampling in the fasting state and were given, in randomized order, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and standardized mixed liquid meal test with venepuncture at timed intervals for 4\u2009h after ingestion. Analytical methods for gut and pancreatic hormones were assessed and optimized. Concentrations of gut and pancreatic hormones were measured and used to compile ranges of expected values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ranges of expected values were created for glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, PYY and free fatty acids in response to a standardized mixed liquid meal or OGTT. Intact proinsulin and C-peptide levels were also measured following the OGTT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These ranges of expected values can now be used to compare gut hormone concentrations between healthy individuals and patient groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563220975658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T12:06:00Z","timestamp":1605096360000},"page":"108-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Expected values for gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormone concentrations in healthy volunteers in the fasting and postprandial state"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4176-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire L","family":"Meek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah B","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Burling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Gribble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.08.001"},{"key":"bibr2-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800818"},{"key":"bibr3-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91194-9"},{"key":"bibr4-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.3.609"},{"key":"bibr5-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1549"},{"key":"bibr6-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000183349.16877.84"},{"key":"bibr7-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006"},{"key":"bibr8-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12352"},{"key":"bibr9-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0941"},{"key":"bibr10-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-012-0621-4"},{"key":"bibr11-0004563220975658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02172.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr12-0004563220975658","first-page":"5","author":"Schofield W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr13-0004563220975658","unstructured":"al. 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