{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:40:44Z","timestamp":1777444844974,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"GUTSfbc","award":["GUTSfbc is a registered charity 1026791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUTSfbc is a registered charity 1026791"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A digital rectal examination (DRE) during routine assessment for patients with abdominal symptoms provides an opportunity to obtain faeces from the glove for faecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Here, we compared sampling via DRE to the standard faecal sampling by patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients were recruited to a prospective observational cohort study between July 2019 and March 2020. Patients provided a sample for the FOB Gold Wide\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      which was compared to a further sample taken at clinic via DRE. Clinicians reported whether they obtained a \u2018good\u2019 sample filling all the grooves, a \u2018poor\u2019 sample filling some of the grooves or no faecal sample. Cohen\u2019s kappa was used to compare percentage agreement around a negative threshold of &lt;10 \u03bcg haemoglobin\/g of faeces. Sensitivity for serious bowel disease (SBD) was calculated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 596 patients who underwent attempted DRE sampling, there were 258 (43.3%) \u2018good\u2019 samples, 117 (19.6%) \u2018poor\u2019 samples and 221 (37.1%) with no sample to wipe in the grooves. Cohen\u2019s kappa dropped from 0.70 to 0.30 for the \u2018good\u2019 and \u2018poor\u2019 samples, respectively. Of those with DRE samples and definitive diagnostic outcomes, the sensitivity for SBD dropped significantly from 76.0% to 41.7% between \u2018good\u2019 and \u2018poor\u2019 samples, respectively ( p = 0.041).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A \u2018good\u2019 sample obtained by DRE provides comparable results to samples obtained by patients. This creates potential benefit in speed and ease of testing for patients. However, not all DRE sampling attempts are successful, and the clinician must be satisfied that enough faeces is obtained to wipe adequately into all grooves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632231155021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T21:54:18Z","timestamp":1674165258000},"page":"169-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and accuracy of faecal sampling by a digital rectal examination for faecal immunochemical testing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Maclean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9230-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally C","family":"Benton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bowel Cancer Screening Hub at Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin B","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Rockall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X682261"},{"key":"bibr2-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.14944"},{"key":"bibr3-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50346"},{"key":"bibr4-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.02.013"},{"key":"bibr5-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-2-200501180-00006"},{"key":"bibr6-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.17.2022"},{"key":"bibr7-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.05277.x"},{"key":"bibr8-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151516"},{"key":"bibr9-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15780"},{"key":"bibr10-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2021-0655"},{"key":"bibr11-00045632231155021","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral NICE guideline [Internet]. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng12 [cited 2022 Feb 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng12\/resources\/suspected-cancer-recognition-and-referral-pdf-1837268071621"},{"key":"bibr12-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000016"},{"key":"bibr13-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.04.004"},{"key":"bibr14-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319858"},{"key":"bibr15-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373517753176"},{"key":"bibr16-00045632231155021","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Quantitative faecal immunochemical tests to guide referral for colorectal cancer in primary care Diagnostics guidance [Internet]. Diagnostics Guidance DG30. 2017. [cited 2021 Aug 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/dg30\/resources\/quantitative-faecal-immunochemical-tests-to-guide-referral-for-colorectal-cancer-in-primary-care-pdf-1053744003781"},{"key":"bibr17-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321956"},{"key":"bibr18-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15408"},{"key":"bibr19-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16120"},{"key":"bibr20-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563220967569"},{"key":"bibr21-00045632231155021","first-page":"45632221096036","volume":"60","author":"Farkas NG","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"bibr22-00045632231155021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059940"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632231155021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00045632231155021","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632231155021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:25:06Z","timestamp":1777379106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00045632231155021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00045632231155021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00045632231155021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]}}}