{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:40:35Z","timestamp":1792658435458,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Strict homoeostatic control of potassium is necessary for normal muscle and neural function, and as a result, hyperkalaemia can be life-threatening and requires timely management. Prior to treating the patient, however, it is important to determine if hyperkalaemic blood test results are authentic and not due to pre-analytical factors as treatment in this context may provoke potentially dangerous hypokalaemia. We present the case of a 47-year-old female referred for further investigation following 2\u00a0years of otherwise unexplained intermittent hyperkalaemia. Her highest recorded potassium was 8.9\u00a0mmol\/L (reference interval: 3.5\u20135.2\u00a0mmol\/L). She was otherwise healthy, not on regular medications, and asymptomatic during these episodes. There was no evidence of associated electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. She had been referred to the Emergency Department twice in 6\u00a0months due to hyperkalaemia, but these episodes resolved on repeat testing without any intervention. Further investigation revealed a significant time- and temperature-dependent increase in potassium concentration in whole blood samples, compared to a control.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ABCB6<\/jats:italic>\n                    single gene testing revealed a heterozygous variant, c.1123\u00a0C&gt;T, p. (Arg375Trp), consistent with a diagnosis of familial pseudohyperkalaemia (FP). This is an autosomal dominant condition, which results in increased efflux of potassium from red blood cells at sub-physiological temperatures. Whilst this is an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    phenomenon, unless recognised it poses a clinical risk to patients as they may be treated erroneously.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632261417119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:41:34Z","timestamp":1770723694000},"page":"448-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Familial pseudohyperkalaemia: An unusual cause of artefactual hyperkalaemia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9750-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Rodney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-1261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris M","family":"Florkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard I","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canterbury Health Laboratories"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03240180065023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01452-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.825174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","article-title":"ACGS best practice guidelines for variant classification in rare disease 2020","author":"Ellard S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ellard S, Baple EL, Callaway A, et al. 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Available from: https:\/\/gnomad.broadinstitute.org\/gene\/ENSG00000115657?dataset=gnomad_r4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.142372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12757"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","article-title":"Blood products - red cell transfusion in the neonate","author":"Newborn Services Clinical Practice Committee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Newborn Services Clinical Practice Committee. Blood products - red cell transfusion in the neonate. Starship 2020, Available from: https:\/\/starship.org.nz\/guidelines\/blood-products-red-cell-transfusion-in-the-neonate\/ (Accessed: 17 March 2025).","journal-title":"Starship"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14233"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632261417119","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00045632261417119","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632261417119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:07:08Z","timestamp":1792656428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00045632261417119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00045632261417119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00045632261417119","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]}}}