{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:31:00Z","timestamp":1793971860175,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sample stability represents a major challenge in the preanalytical phase of urinalysis. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the stability of urine samples stored at room temperature for up to 72\u00a0h in two commercially available chlorhexidine-based preservative tubes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 44 pathological urine samples. Urinalysis was performed after storage in BD Vacutainer\u00ae and Vacusera\u00ae tubes at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72\u00a0h. These results were compared with those obtained from refrigerated, non-additive polystyrene (PS) tubes at 0, 4, and 8\u00a0h. A level of \u226590% agreement or a kappa value (\u03ba) of \u22650.8 was deemed to represent perfect agreement and stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific gravity, pH, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen and nitrite were stable in all tubes and conditions. Within the first 4\u00a0h, instability was detected in protein in the non-additive PS tube, in ketone and red blood cells (RBC) in the BD tube, and in white blood cells (WBC) in all tubes. By the 8-h mark, ketone and RBC in the non-additive PS tube, as well as bacteria count in the BD tube, failed to maintain stability. Notably, blood and leukocyte esterase remained stable for at least 8\u00a0h across all tubes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Storage of urine samples in chlorhexidine-based preservative tubes has minimal impact on urinalysis; however, inter-manufacturer variability exists. To ensure reliable results, analysis should be performed within 4\u20138\u00a0h of collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632261454297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:28:40Z","timestamp":1778639320000},"page":"522-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stability of urinalysis in two different preservative tubes: A comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2288-1123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Vurgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyide Nur","family":"Savran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-5964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Ye\u015fildal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2014.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2010.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2016.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","volume-title":"Urinalysis; Approved Guideline\u2014Third Edition. CLSI document GP16-A3","author":"CLSI","year":"2009","unstructured":"CLSI. Urinalysis; Approved Guideline\u2014Third Edition. CLSI document GP16-A3. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302188"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"European urinalysis guidelines","volume":"231","author":"European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine","year":"2000","unstructured":"European Confederation of Laboratory Medicine. European urinalysis guidelines. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2000; 231(Suppl): 1\u201386.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","unstructured":"Becton Dickinson. BD Vacutainer\u00ae plus urinalysis preservative tube: Product information. Available at: https:\/\/www.bd.com\/en-menat\/products-and-solutions\/products\/product-families\/bd-vacutainer-urinalysis-preservative-tube-plus-urine-tubes (Accessed on 3 July 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","article-title":"Vacusera\u00ae urine tube \u2013 chlorhexidine: Instructions for use [package insert]. \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye","author":"Disera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Disera. Vacusera\u00ae urine tube \u2013 chlorhexidine: Instructions for use [package insert]. \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye. Disera T\u0131bbi Malzeme Lojistik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.\u015e. 2025.","journal-title":"Disera T\u0131bbi Malzeme Lojistik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.\u015e."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","volume-title":"Calibration liquid for specific gravity: Instructions for use [package insert]","author":"DIRUI","year":"2023","unstructured":"DIRUI. Calibration liquid for specific gravity: Instructions for use [package insert]. Changchun, China: DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","volume-title":"H-800 urinalysis reagent strips: Instructions for use [package insert]","author":"DIRUI","year":"2013","unstructured":"DIRUI. H-800 urinalysis reagent strips: Instructions for use [package insert]. Changchun, China: DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd., 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001297"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76520-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"Impact of chemical preservative in urine samples","volume":"31","author":"Salazar-Garc\u00eda S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salazar-Garc\u00eda S, Lares-Villase\u00f1or E, B\u00e1rcenas-Morales A, et al. Impact of chemical preservative in urine samples. EJIFCC 2020; 31(1): 56\u201364.","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2016.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016080886"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2010.233"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effects of chlorhexidine-based preservative tubes on routine urinalysis stability","volume":"3","author":"Karakoyun I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karakoyun I, Arslan FD, Baysoy A, et al. The effects of chlorhexidine-based preservative tubes on routine urinalysis stability. Int J Med Biochem 2020; 3(3): 155\u2013160.","journal-title":"Int J Med Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2018.07.8806"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","first-page":"244","article-title":"Comparative performance analysis of Urised 3 and DIRUI FUS-200 automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopic method","volume":"34","author":"Yalcinkaya E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yalcinkaya E, Erman H, Kirac E, et al. Comparative performance analysis of Urised 3 and DIRUI FUS-200 automated urine sediment analyzers and manual microscopic method. Medeni Med J. 2019; 34(3): 244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5222\/MMJ.2019.23169","journal-title":"Medeni Med J"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632261454297","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00045632261454297","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00045632261454297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:19:03Z","timestamp":1793971143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00045632261454297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00045632261454297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00045632261454297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]}}}