{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:08:41Z","timestamp":1783937321078,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is one of the most commonly applied surrogate markers for the measurement of insulin resistance; however, the use of this metric does require sex-specific, age-specific, and body mass index (BMI)-specific reference ranges due to variations among populations and there is a lack of data in countries like Iraq on such reference ranges. The purpose of this investigation was to develop sex-, age-, and BMI-specific reference ranges for HOMA-IR in apparently healthy Iraqi adults aged 18 to 60\u00a0years. There were 2,160 participants enrolled in the study who were equally divided into sex-specific groups and age groups (18\u201330, 31\u201345, and 46\u201360\u00a0years) and BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, and obesity). In addition to measuring fasting glucose and insulin levels, the HOMA-IR was calculated. Reference ranges, which included the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of HOMA-IR, were developed using non-parametric statistical methods based on CLSI EP28-A3c guidelines. The results demonstrated that HOMA-IR values increased as both age and BMI increased (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Also, males consistently had higher HOMA-IR values compared to females within similar subgroups. All between-group comparisons were statistically significant. It is important to use sex-, age-, and BMI-specific reference intervals when interpreting HOMA-IR to avoid misclassifying subjects in clinical and epidemiologic studies. This investigation represents the first large-scale study to identify such reference intervals in Iraq and adds relevant regional data to the global research on the prevalence of insulin resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632261466856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:59:13Z","timestamp":1782305953000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population-specific HOMA-IR reference ranges in Iraq: Defining insulin sensitivity in a Middle Eastern cohort"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Kahtan","family":"Al-Bayaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Nahrain University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shamil Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology-Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragheed H.","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology-Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.3.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302009000200020"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Distribution of HOMA-IR in healthy adults: a population-based study","volume":"28","author":"Guerrero-Romero F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guerrero-Romero F, Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n M. 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