{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T15:18:18Z","timestamp":1781623098638,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To ascertain the value of maternal serum free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin subunit measurement in Down's syndrome screening and to compare its effectiveness when screening with a variety of biochemical markers, we have evaluated maternal serum free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin, total human choriogonadotropin, \u03b1-fetoprotein and unconjugated oestriol in a large multicentre study of over 2800 unaffected cases and 90 affected cases, the largest collection of Down's cases ever reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of all the markers identified to date, free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin is the marker of choice for use in Down's syndrome screening. When used in early gestation (14\u201316 weeks) in combination with \u03b1-fetoprotein and maternal age, it will allow the detection of 77% of Down's cases. A side-by-side comparison with the performance of total human choriogonadotropin shows the superior detection efficiency of free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin. Unconjugated oestriol adds nothing further to the detection rate compared with the use of \u03b1-fetoprotein and free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin alone, and its use results in a 1% increase in false positive rate. We conclude that unconjugated oestriol has no value in Down's screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The superior detection rate obtained using free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin is a result of superior detection of Down's cases in women under 30 years old, where the free \u03b2-human choriogonadotropin combination detects 100% more cases than does the total human choriogonadotropin combination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329202900504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T16:58:39Z","timestamp":1391619519000},"page":"506-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Free Beta Human Choriogonadotropin in Down's Syndrome Screening: A Multicentre Study of its Role Compared with other Biochemical Markers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Spencer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed 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