{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:41:23Z","timestamp":1777430483161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]],"date-time":"1994-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":773020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Five chromatographic and six immunoassay techniques were compared using data reported by 131 participants in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine. Twenty Five samples were studied containing none or one of three concentrations of amphetamine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, methadone and morphine. Technique sensitivity and specificity achieved with realistic clinical samples of 25 mL vol were assessed as the percentage of true positive and true negative tests, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography was inadequate for the detection of several analytes, the sensitivity for 0 \u00b7 5 mg\/L of benzoylecgonine being &lt; 30%, and for 1 \u00b7 5 mg\/L of amphetamine &lt; 86%. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was significantly less sensitive than other techniques for the detection of 0\u00b75 mg\/L of benzoylecgonine (71%) and 1 \u00b7 5 mg\/L of morphine (88%). High-performance liquid chromatography was the most sensitive for amphetamine. Immunoassays performed well when operating above then-specified cut-off concentrations but, because they are directed to quinalbarbitone showed reduced cross-reactivity with amylobarbitone, the barbiturate more commonly prescribed in the UK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329403100405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T16:58:39Z","timestamp":1391619519000},"page":"335-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["External Quality Assessment of Techniques for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Urine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"J F","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Toseland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A D","family":"Hirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I D","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A N","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steering Committee for the United Kingdom External Quality Assessment Scheme for Drugs of Abuse in Urine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"339","key":"bibr1-000456329403100405","first-page":"14","author":"Wilson JF","year":"1991","journal-title":"Assoc Clin Biochem News Sheet"},{"key":"bibr2-000456329403100405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.9.1683"},{"key":"bibr3-000456329403100405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.5.891"},{"key":"bibr4-000456329403100405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329002700306"},{"key":"bibr5-000456329403100405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.3.442"},{"key":"bibr6-000456329403100405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.5.879"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000456329403100405","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000456329403100405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:42:33Z","timestamp":1777376553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000456329403100405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000456329403100405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000456329403100405","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]}}}