{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:25:20Z","timestamp":1777433120288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Techniques for the detection of drugs of abuse were compared using data from 43 urine samples distributed by the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme. Drug mixtures simulated clinical specimens and contained drugs at the following median concentrations: amphetamine 1\u00b76 mg\/L (six samples), barbiturates 1\u00b77 mg\/L (six samples), benzoylecgonine 0\u00b76 mg\/L (eight samples), benzodiazepines 1\u00b76 mg\/L (four samples), cannabinoids 59 \u03bcg\/L (four samples), methadone 1\u00b77 mg\/L (11 samples) and morphine 1\u00b77 mg\/L (seven samples). Significant lack of sensitivity was demonstrated for one or more analytes by all chromatographic techniques, including gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Commercial immunoassay kits exhibited higher sensitivity, though some assays performed significantly less well than others. Significant non-specificity was also a greater problem for chromatographic techniques compared with immunoassays in samples containing therapeutic agents not structurally related to abused compounds. In the presence of therapeutic interferents structurally related to the test compounds, false positive reports for illicit materials increased from &lt; 1% to &gt; 6%. Use of confirmatory tests significantly reduced the incidence of both false negative and false positive reports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T16:58:39Z","timestamp":1391619519000},"page":"592-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of Detection Techniques and Laboratory Proficiency in Testing for Drugs of Abuse in Urine: An External Quality Assessment Scheme Using Clinically Realistic Urine Samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J F","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.4.790"},{"key":"bibr2-000456329903600505","first-page":"727","volume":"18","author":"Ferrara SD","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"bibr3-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/35.5.891"},{"key":"bibr4-000456329903600505","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Contributions to Forensic Toxicology","author":"Badia R","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr5-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/22.2.117"},{"key":"bibr6-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329002700306"},{"key":"bibr7-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329403100405"},{"key":"bibr8-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.3.442"},{"key":"bibr9-000456329903600505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329703400402"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000456329903600505","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000456329903600505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:50:44Z","timestamp":1777377044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000456329903600505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000456329903600505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000456329903600505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-5632","1758-1001"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-5632","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1001","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}