{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1787018500197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe PTSD symptom persistence and resolution, including the potential phenomenon of late-onset PTSD, in children and adolescents 18 months after a cyclone disaster; and to investigate factors that predict longer-term symptom outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>71 children and 191 adolescents who were screened three months after a Category 5 Cyclone were re-screened 18 months post-disaster. Child-report measures included the PTSD Reaction Index, measures of event exposure and social connectedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 1-in-5 children and 1-in-12 adolescents endorsed cyclone-related PTSD symptoms at the moderate to severe level 18 months post-disaster. Of these approximately one-half (44.8%) of children were in the \u2018high-persister\u2019 group at 18-month follow-up. Persistence of low symptoms was very common (97.6%) and late-onset PTSD was a rare phenomenon. This pattern was similar in adolescents: 25.0% were in the \u2018high-persister\u2019 group and few students experienced late-onset PTSD. In multivariate analysis, only initial severe to very severe PTSD category made a significant independent contribution to explaining persisting moderate to severe PTSD symptoms in primary school students (ORadj=8.33, 95% CI=1.45-47.84). There was a trend for a similar result in secondary students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A child or adolescent with few PTSD symptoms three months post-disaster is likely to remain so unless a further traumatic event occurs. However, if symptomatic at three months, there is approximately a 30-45% chance that the child or adolescent will still be symptomatic 18 months after the disaster. Given the high rate of students in the \u2018resolver\u2019 group, initial posttraumatic symptoms are a necessary but not sufficient condition for predicting chronic symptomatology. Other targets for predictive modelling include initial threat perception and high and low social connectedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413500349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T21:10:06Z","timestamp":1377292206000},"page":"80-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Correlates of persisting posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents 18 months after a cyclone disaster"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Brett","family":"McDermott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Cobham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bungnyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0913"},{"key":"bibr2-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20461"},{"key":"bibr3-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01439.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015"},{"key":"bibr5-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.545"},{"key":"bibr6-0004867413500349","first-page":"616","volume":"49","author":"Kassam-Adams N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr7-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10454-005"},{"key":"bibr8-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.4.712"},{"key":"bibr9-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp050"},{"key":"bibr10-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867411433950"},{"key":"bibr11-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.01090.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903489916"},{"key":"bibr13-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.054270"},{"key":"bibr14-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b76697"},{"key":"bibr15-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.015"},{"key":"bibr16-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01992.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.2.239"},{"key":"bibr18-0004867413500349","volume-title":"Health Determinants Queensland 2004","author":"Queensland Government, Queensland Health and Public Health Services and Health Information Centre","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr19-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704003575"},{"key":"bibr20-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199603000-00018"},{"key":"bibr21-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07348"},{"key":"bibr22-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00685"},{"key":"bibr23-0004867413500349","first-page":"S69","volume":"91","author":"Ularntinon S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"bibr24-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027536"},{"key":"bibr25-0004867413500349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.2.237"}],"container-title":["Australian &amp; 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