{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:24:13Z","timestamp":1791361453517,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a meta-analysis of Theory of Mind studies exclusively in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the exclusion of studies evaluating symptomatic patients during acute episodes, we performed a meta-analysis including a total of 30 studies, comparing 1294 euthymic bipolar disorder patients and 1116 healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with bipolar disorder presented a significant impairment in Theory of Mind performance when compared to controls (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u2009\u22120.589, 95% confidence interval: \u22120.764 to \u22120.414, Z\u2009=\u2009\u22126.594, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). When compared to controls, Theory of Mind was impaired in patients with both bipolar disorder I (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u2009\u22120.663, 95% confidence interval: \u22120.954 to \u22120.372, Z\u2009=\u2009\u22124.462, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and bipolar disorder II (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u2009\u22121.165, 95% confidence interval: \u22121.915 to \u22120.415, Z\u2009=\u2009\u22123.044, p\u2009=\u20090.002). Theory of Mind impairments were also significantly more severe in verbal tasks (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u2009\u22121.077, 95% confidence interval: \u22121.610 to \u22120.544, Z\u2009=\u2009\u22123.961 p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than visual tasks (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u22120.614, 95% confidence interval: \u22120.844 to \u22120.384, Z\u2009=\u2009\u22125.231, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) when compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results obtained confirm that Theory of Mind is impaired in remitted bipolar disorder patients, being a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder. Moreover, we found higher deficits in verbal Theory of Mind, compared with visual Theory of Mind. Since most studies were cross-sectional, there is a need for longitudinal studies to evaluate whether the deficits detected in Theory of Mind are progressive over the course of the illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420924109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T03:04:13Z","timestamp":1590375853000},"page":"783-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Impaired social cognition in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of Theory of Mind in euthymic patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"de Siqueira Rotenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bipolar Disorder Research Program (PROMAN), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 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