{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:04:07Z","timestamp":1777413847527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008183","name":"central manchester university hospitals nhs foundation trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015753","name":"Mental Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jessie Spencer Trust"},{"name":"Nicola Pigott Memorial Fund"},{"name":"Trent Regional Health Authority"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistence is said to be a feature of personality disorder, but there are few long-term prospective studies of the condition. A total of 200 patients with anxiety and depressive disorders involved in a randomised controlled trial initiated in 1983 had full personality status assessed at baseline. We repeated assessment of personality status on three subsequent occasions over 30\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personality status was recorded using methods derived from the Personality Assessment Schedule, which has algorithms for allocating Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) categories. The category and severity of personality diagnosis were recorded at baseline in the randomised patients with DSM-III anxiety and depressive diagnoses. The same methods of assessing personality status was repeated at 2, 12 and 30 years after baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the ICD-11 system, 47% of patients, mainly those with no personality disturbance at baseline, retained their personality status; of the others 16.8% improved and 20.4% worsened to more severe disorder. In DSM-III diagnosed patients, those diagnosed as Cluster A and Cluster C increased in frequency (from 14% to 40%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and 21.5% to 36%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively) over follow-up, while those with Cluster B showed little change in frequency (22% to 18%, p\u2009=\u20090.197).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this population of patients with common mental disorders, personality status showed many changes over time, inconsistent with the view that personality disorder is a persistent or stable condition. The increase in diagnoses within the Cluster A and C groups suggests personality disorder generally increases in frequency as people age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211025624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T05:59:56Z","timestamp":1625896796000},"page":"260-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Personality change in the Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: 30-Year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Tyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00048674211025624","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Third Edition","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr2-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913"},{"key":"bibr3-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2005.19.5.524"},{"key":"bibr4-00048674211025624","volume-title":"Manual for the Schedule for Non-adaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP-2)","author":"Clark LA","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr5-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.111.472.236"},{"key":"bibr6-00048674211025624","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Advances in Personality Science","author":"Costa PT","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr7-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.767"},{"key":"bibr8-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37"},{"key":"bibr9-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.1015"},{"key":"bibr10-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.5.883"},{"key":"bibr11-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002601"},{"key":"bibr12-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001117"},{"key":"bibr13-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610218001473"},{"key":"bibr14-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2008.03.010"},{"key":"bibr15-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.145.1.9"},{"key":"bibr16-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01362.x"},{"key":"bibr17-00048674211025624","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Personality Disorders: Diagnosis, Management and Course","author":"Tyrer P","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr18-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.2.168"},{"key":"bibr19-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.2.163"},{"key":"bibr20-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03035128"},{"key":"bibr21-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.190.5.s51"},{"key":"bibr22-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1275"},{"key":"bibr23-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095736"},{"key":"bibr24-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002569"},{"key":"bibr25-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700017736"},{"key":"bibr26-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92535-4"},{"key":"bibr27-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6694.298"},{"key":"bibr28-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1466"},{"key":"bibr29-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000878."},{"key":"bibr30-00048674211025624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.217"},{"key":"bibr31-00048674211025624","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018) ICD-11 classification. 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