{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:28:38Z","timestamp":1790036918962,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009940","name":"Lotto New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["279032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["279032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"university of otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORG0109-0310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORG0109-0310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the two-year outcomes for depression, anxiety, cognitive and global social functioning after cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 31 adults with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder in a randomised pilot study comparing MCT and CBT. Therapy modality differences in change in depression and anxiety symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, metacognitions, rumination, worry and global social functioning were examined at the two-year follow-up for those who completed therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant improvements, with large effect sizes, were evident for all outcome variables. There were no significant differences in outcome between CBT and MCT. The greatest change over time occurred for depression and anxiety. Large changes were evident for metacognitions, rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, worry and global social functioning. Sixty-seven percent had not experienced a major depression and had been well during all of the past year, prior to the follow-up assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The finding at end treatment, of no modality specific differences, was also evident at two-year follow-up. Although CBT and MCT targeted depression, improvements were much wider, and although CBT and MCT take different approaches, both therapies produced positive change over time across all cognitive variables. CBT and MCT provide treatment options, that not only improve the longer-term outcome of depression, but also result in improvements in anxiety, global social functioning and cognitive status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211025686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]],"date-time":"2021-07-10T06:04:41Z","timestamp":1625897081000},"page":"137-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term efficacy of metacognitive therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy for depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet D","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia VW","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher MA","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8147-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger T","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000221"},{"key":"bibr2-00048674211025686","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-00048674211025686","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Depression across Three Age Cohorts American Psychological Association: Guideline Development Panel for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr4-00048674211025686","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond","author":"Beck J","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr5-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.005"},{"key":"bibr6-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ripppo.2017.273"},{"key":"bibr7-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800702"},{"key":"bibr8-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000057"},{"key":"bibr9-00048674211025686","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2014.936502"},{"key":"bibr10-00048674211025686","volume-title":"Psychological Measurements in Psychopharmacology. 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