{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1778080105304,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007598","name":"Accident Compensation Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10\/052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10\/052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder following injuries unrelated to mass casualty events has received little research attention in New Zealand. Internationally, most studies investigating predictors of post-injury post-traumatic stress disorder focus on hospitalised patients although most survivors are not hospitalised. We compared the prevalence and predictors of symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder 12 months following injury among hospitalised and non-hospitalised entitlement claimants in New Zealand\u2019s Accident Compensation Corporation. This government-funded universal no-fault insurance scheme replaced tort-based compensation for injuries in 1974 since when civil litigation (which can bias post-traumatic stress disorder estimates) has been rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2220 Accident Compensation Corporation claimants aged 18\u201364 years recruited to the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study were interviewed at 12 months post-injury to identify symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder using the Impact of Events Scale. Multivariable models examined the extent to which baseline sociodemographic, injury, health status and service interaction factors predicted the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among hospitalised and non-hospitalised groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptoms suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder were reported by 17% of hospitalised and 12% of non-hospitalised participants. Perceived threat to life at the time of the injury doubled this risk among hospitalised (adjusted relative risk: 2.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.2\u20133.2) and non-hospitalised (relative risk: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2\u20132.8) participants. Among hospitalised participants, other predictors included female gender, Pacific and \u2018other\u2019 minority ethnic groups, pre-injury depressive symptoms, financial insecurity and perceived inadequacies in healthcare interactions, specifically information and time to discuss problems. Among non-hospitalised survivors, predictors included smoking, hazardous drinking, assault and poor expectations of recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in six hospitalised and one in eight non-hospitalised people reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 12 months following injury. Perceived threat to life was a strong predictor of this risk in both groups. Identifying early predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder, regardless of whether the injury required hospitalisation, could help target tailored interventions that can reduce longer-term psychosocial morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211060747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:22:11Z","timestamp":1637886131000},"page":"1344-1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in 2200 hospitalised and non-hospitalised injured New Zealanders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8042-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanthi","family":"Ameratunga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Samaranayaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma H","family":"Wyeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng\u0101i Tahu M\u0101ori Health Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Davie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebbecca","family":"Lilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Kokaua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Pacific Health, Va\u2019a o Tautai, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Derrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng\u0101i Tahu M\u0101ori Health Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"},{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00048674211060747","unstructured":"Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) (2013) ACC4247: Mental Injury Assessment. 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