{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:08:18Z","timestamp":1777414098918,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022560","name":"Spinnaker Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-2018 Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-2018 Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poorer mother\u2013infant interaction quality has been identified among women with major depression; however, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of bipolar disorder. This study sought to compare mother\u2013infant emotional availability at 6 months postpartum among women with perinatal major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and no disorder (control).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained for 127 mother\u2013infant dyads from an Australian pregnancy cohort. The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 was used to diagnose major depressive disorder ( n\u2009=\u200960) and bipolar disorder ( n\u2009=\u200912) in early pregnancy (less than 20\u2009weeks) and review diagnosis at 6 months postpartum. Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, along with self-report psychotropic medication use. Mother and infant\u2019s interaction quality was measured using the Emotional Availability Scales when infants reached 6 months of age. Multivariate analyses of covariance examining the effects of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder on maternal emotional availability (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and child emotional availability (responsiveness, involvement) were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After controlling for maternal age and postpartum depressive symptoms, perinatal disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder) accounted for 17% of the variance in maternal and child emotional availability combined. Compared to women with major depressive disorder and their infants, women with bipolar disorder and their infants displayed lower ratings across all maternal and child emotional availability qualities, with the greatest mean difference seen in non-intrusiveness scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that perinatal bipolar disorder may be associated with additional risk, beyond major depressive disorder alone, to a mother and her offspring\u2019s emotional availability at 6 months postpartum, particularly in maternal intrusiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867421998796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T01:13:23Z","timestamp":1615943603000},"page":"1079-1088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Emotional availability in women with bipolar disorder and major depression: A longitudinal pregnancy cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5090-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavitra","family":"Aran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciple of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciple of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart J","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciple of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thinh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Peel and Rockingham Kwinana Mental Health Service, Rockingham, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Galbally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disciple of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Health, Genetics and Mental Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2275-4"},{"key":"bibr2-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-020-00192-3"},{"key":"bibr3-0004867421998796","volume-title":"Mental Health Care in the Perinatal Period: Australian Clinical Practice Guideline","author":"Austin MP","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr4-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12099"},{"key":"bibr5-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21812"},{"key":"bibr6-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199509000-00007"},{"key":"bibr7-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.01.002"},{"key":"bibr8-0004867421998796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biringen Z, Robinson J, Emde R (2008) The emotional availability (EA) scales. 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