{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:33:48Z","timestamp":1784543628145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020520","name":"Richard Tam Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Heinz C Prechter Bipolar Program"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and the Eisenberg Family Depression Center at the University of Michigan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood trauma is negatively associated with depression severity in bipolar disorder; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of bipolar depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 209 individuals with bipolar disorder recruited for the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder were analysed. Using structural equation modelling, we examined the direct and indirect associations between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) \u2013 with the personality traits (NEO Personality Inventory\u2013Revised) as mediators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The direct effect of childhood trauma on depression severity (standardised \u03b2 = 0.32, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI] = 0.20\u20130.45, p &lt; 0.001) and the indirect effect via neuroticism (standardised \u03b2 = 0.03, 95% bootstrap CI [0.002, 0.07], p = 0.039) were significant; supporting a partial mediation model. The indirect effect accounted for 9% of the total effect of childhood trauma on depression severity (standardised \u03b2 = 0.09, 95% bootstrap CI [0.002, 0.19], p = 0.046). The final model had a good fit with the data (comparative fit index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, 90% CI = [0.02, 0.07]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personality traits may be relevant psychological mediators that link childhood trauma to a more severe clinical presentation of bipolar depression. Consequently, a person\u2019s personality structure may be a crucial operative factor to incorporate in therapeutic plans when treating individuals with bipolar disorder who report a history of childhood trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221115644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T06:22:43Z","timestamp":1659594163000},"page":"1031-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Personality traits as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder: A structural equation model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1864-0394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna L","family":"Wrobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School 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E","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Lotfaliany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyna","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia M","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue M","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4487-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Diaz-Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia K","family":"Yocum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobin J","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 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