{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:43:03Z","timestamp":1779165783062,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Denmark"},{"name":"The Municipality of Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"The Danish Mental Health Fund"},{"name":"Beckettfonden"},{"name":"Health Insurance Denmark"},{"name":"The University of Southern Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF17OC0029404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17OC0029404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF19OC0058266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF19OC0058266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20OC0065568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20OC0065568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Mental Health Service of the Region of Southern Denmark"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004196","name":"odense universitetshospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005111","name":"rigshospitalet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal studies indicate a key role for vitamin D in brain development and function, but observational studies in humans only suggests a borderline positive association between prenatal vitamin D exposure and cognitive development in the offspring. Knowledge gaps include insights in exposure time window and differences by sex for the association. We aimed to investigate the association between blood concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured at four different time points and intelligence quotient score at the age of 7\u2009years, including analyses spilt by child sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Odense child cohort, we included 1404 mother\u2013child pairs with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from early pregnancy to age 7\u2009years. Full-scale intelligence quotient was assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 fifth edition. Associations were adjusted for maternal education, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational age, sex and head circumference. Subanalyses stratified by sex were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median (interquartile range) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cord was 45.88 (31.15\u201361.08) nmol\/L; early pregnancy, 66.45 (51.29\u201378.74); late pregnancy, 79.13 (59.69\u201397.31); 7\u2009years, 66.29 (53.45\u201380.23) nmol\/L. The mean (standard deviation) full-scale intelligence quotient was 99.44 (11.98). In adjusted analyses, cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L was associated with 2.2 points lower full-scale intelligence quotient compared to the reference (50\u201375\u2009nmol\/L) in boys, \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20132.2; 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u2009[\u22124.3, \u20130.1],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039. The same association with full-scale intelligence quotient was found for early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20132.5 [\u22124.6, \u20130.3],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025, primarily driven by an association in boys, \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20134.0 [\u22127.2, \u20130.8],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015; and for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 7\u2009years in girls, \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20133.0 [\u22126.0, \u20130.1],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L in both early gestation and cord blood in boys and current serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009nmol\/L in girls were independent risk factors for two to four points lower full-scale intelligence quotient at the age of 7\u2009years. Vulnerability to hypovitaminosis D, especially in pregnancy, may relate to child sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674221116027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T02:36:42Z","timestamp":1660617402000},"page":"1062-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood associates with intelligence quotient at age 7\u2009years: An Odense child cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Cantio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5838-556X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Bilenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Odense, Mental Health Hospital and University Clinic, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe Monrad","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9713-7411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iben Have","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathriona","family":"Cantio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina Kold","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0734-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoline Bebe","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6008-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asta","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik Boye Thybo","family":"Christesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Hans Christian Andersen Children\u2019s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948221077463."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00530-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517001398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00040-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01472.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0357-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513001840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118381953.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.4\/mmccarthy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416670013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15730.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521000301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.511S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"Using the WASI-II with the WISC-V","author":"Raiford SE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raiford SE, Zhou X, Drozdick LW (2016) Using the WASI-II with the WISC-V. London: Pearson."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.26018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.24493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031653"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","volume-title":"WISC\u2013V Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 Fifth Edition. Vejledning Del 1 Dansk Version","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2017) WISC\u2013V Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 Fifth Edition. Vejledning Del 1 Dansk Version. London: Pearson."}],"container-title":["Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674221116027","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00048674221116027","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674221116027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:56:38Z","timestamp":1777373798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00048674221116027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00048674221116027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674221116027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8674","1440-1614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8674","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]}}}