{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T13:36:16Z","timestamp":1786196176945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Globally, youth mental health services are evolving, with Australia\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    services presented as a leading exemplar.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    services were designed as enhanced primary care-based entities and were expected to collaborate with local acute, and specialist clinical and psychosocial services. The lack of large-scale health services trials necessitates understanding their impact through systematic monitoring and evaluation. This paper compares data from differing sources that describe the demographic and clinical features, and functional outcomes, of young people presenting to various\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    services.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    National reports that care is provided largely to youth with transient distress, minimal clinical disorders, suicidality or comorbidities and limited functional impairment. Almost 50% of clients are reported to have no significant psychological symptoms or risk factors, and less than 30% to have a clinical disorder. Consequently, 36% receive only a single session of care and the median number of clinical sessions provided is three. By contrast, empirically derived estimates, utilising data from an academic centre and its affiliated centres, other independent agencies and more refined analyses of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    national data variously portray 50\u201360% of youth as presenting with at least moderate clinical complexity (including at least 20% with high complexity), and with another 27% requiring active clinical intervention. Together, these data suggest approximately 75% of attendees require substantive clinical care. Clinical outcomes data from all sources indicate limited impacts on functional outcomes, with less than a third achieving significant improvement. These data support the original intent of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">headspace<\/jats:italic>\n                    services to focus on equitable access to multidimensional and clinical assessment, evidence-based early interventions for early stages of major anxiety, mood or psychotic disorders. As demand for youth services continues to rise, there is an urgent need to reconfigure our national youth service networks to address the unmet clinical and psychosocial needs of youth presenting in the early stages of major mental disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241297542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T03:01:09Z","timestamp":1738292469000},"page":"99-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Novel youth mental health services in Australia: What differences are being reported about the clinical needs of those who attend and the outcomes achieved?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian B","family":"Hickie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne S","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3805-2936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob J","family":"Crouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"headspace Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hermens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Guastella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8163-195X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Leweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6500-9629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Capon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1109-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Iorfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2008","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008) National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2023","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023) National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-017-0125-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562231167681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02666-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00396-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02444-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796024000386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","unstructured":"Hickie I (2021) Mental health reform: Are we serious this time around? InSight+ 25 January. Available at: https:\/\/insightplus.mja.com.au\/2021\/1\/mental-health-reform-are-we-serious-this-time-around\/ (accessed 5 September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Treatment of common mental disorders in Australian general practice","volume":"175","author":"Hickie IB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hickie IB, Davenport TA, Naismith SL, et al. (2001) Treatment of common mental disorders in Australian general practice. Medical Journal of Australia 175: S25\u2013S30.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01337.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2012.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","volume-title":"Is headspace Making a Difference to Young People\u2019s Lives?","author":"Hilferty F","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hilferty F, Cassells R, Muir K, et al. (2016) Is headspace Making a Difference to Young People\u2019s Lives? Kensington, NSW, Australia: Social Policy Research Centre."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796023000616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of the national headspace program","author":"KPMG","year":"2022","unstructured":"KPMG (2022) Evaluation of the national headspace program. Final Report, Department of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, June 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00163-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00193-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","article-title":"Increased metabolic risk in young people with emerging mood disorders and circadian rhythm disruption [Preprint]","author":"McKenna S","year":"2024","unstructured":"McKenna S, Shin M, Park S, et al. (2024) Increased metabolic risk in young people with emerging mood disorders and circadian rhythm disruption [Preprint]. Cambridge Open Engage.","journal-title":"Cambridge Open Engage"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","volume-title":"headspace Evaluation Report: Independent Evaluation headspace: The National Youth Mental Health Foundation","author":"Muir K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muir K, Powell A, Patulny R, et al. (2009) headspace Evaluation Report: Independent Evaluation headspace: The National Youth Mental Health Foundation. Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, UNSW."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.11235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/CP44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419865335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8500.12560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856220928858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813176-3.00005-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.10481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","article-title":"The case for monitoring metabolic and inflammatory elevated risk groups in young people with emerging mental disorders [Preprint]","author":"Shin M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shin M, Crouse J, Nichles A, et al. (2024) The case for monitoring metabolic and inflammatory elevated risk groups in young people with emerging mental disorders [Preprint]. Cambridge Open Engage.","journal-title":"Cambridge Open Engage"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00573-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02202-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13381"}],"container-title":["Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674241297542","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00048674241297542","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674241297542","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:57:52Z","timestamp":1777373872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00048674241297542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00048674241297542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674241297542","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8674","1440-1614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8674","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}