{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:40:52Z","timestamp":1792798852358,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"melbourne genomices"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young-onset neurocognitive symptoms result from a heterogeneous group of neurological and psychiatric disorders which present a diagnostic challenge. To identify such factors, we analysed the Biomarkers in Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders cohort, a study of individuals &lt;65 years old presenting with neurocognitive symptoms for a diagnosis and who have undergone cognitive and biomarker analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-five participants (median age at assessment of 56 years, 45% female) were recruited during their index presentation to the Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuropsychiatry Centre, a tertiary specialist service in Melbourne, Australia, and categorized as either early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 18), non-Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurodegeneration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23) or primary psychiatric disorders (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24). Levels of neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated-tau 181, apolipoprotein E genotype and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease polygenic risk scores were determined. Information-theoretic model selection identified discriminatory factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated-tau 181 levels were elevated in early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease compared with other diagnostic categories. A multi-omic model selection identified that a combination of cognitive and blood biomarkers, but not the polygenic risk score, discriminated between early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease and primary psychiatric disorders (area under the curve \u2a7e 0.975, 95% confidence interval: 0.825\u20131.000). Phosphorylated-tau 181 alone significantly discriminated between early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease and non-Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurodegeneration causes (area under the curve = 0.950, 95% confidence interval: 0.877\u20131.00).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discriminating between early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease, non-Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurodegeneration and primary psychiatric disorders causes of young-onset neurocognitive symptoms is possible by combining cognitive profiles with blood biomarkers. These results support utilizing blood biomarkers for the work-up of young-onset neurocognitive symptoms and highlight the need for the development of a young-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease-specific polygenic risk score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241312805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:32:36Z","timestamp":1737160356000},"page":"378-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Blood biomarker profiles in young-onset neurocognitive disorders: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oneil G","family":"Bhalala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Population Health and 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