{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:30:35Z","timestamp":1791473435759,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1123033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1123033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2009771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2009771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026510","name":"Aspen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Down Syndrome Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the prevalence of psychiatric conditions in a population-based cohort of people with intellectual disability and matched comparators in New South Wales, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study cohort included 97,644 people with intellectual disability and 451,502 comparators aged \u2a7e 5 between 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2018. We used linked records of hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, ambulatory mental health service contacts, and Medicare rebates to identify any, serious, and specific psychiatric conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with intellectual disability showed greatly elevated period prevalence of any psychiatric condition (76.0% vs 38.3%), serious mental illness (16.2% vs 5.1%), and all specific psychiatric conditions compared to comparators. Among people with intellectual disability and congenital\/developmental conditions, people with Down syndrome showed reduced risk of most psychiatric conditions while people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and people with learning disorders showed increased risk. Age-specific analysis showed earlier onset of dementia and heightened prevalence of self-injury\/suicidality in adulthood among people with intellectual disability. Annualised prevalence trends showed increases in 2006\u20132007 for most psychiatric conditions and decreases in 2014\u20132015 to 2017\u20132018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The higher prevalence of psychiatric conditions in people with intellectual disability indicates the importance of systemic responses to address the mental health needs of this population. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the psychiatric profiles of specific congenital\/developmental conditions among people with intellectual disability, and the need to provide targeted services to high-risk groups such as those with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251324824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T01:44:21Z","timestamp":1742348661000},"page":"433-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of psychiatric conditions in people with intellectual disability: A record linkage study in New South Wales, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2900-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel RC","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-1368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preeyaporn","family":"Srasuebkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael C","family":"Cvejic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8542-8246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan C","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian N","family":"Trollor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14895-9_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0969-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12432"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0143-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/SART.S39921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2013) Feature article \u2013 which population to use for age standardisation? Available at: www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/3101.0Feature+Article1Mar%202013 (accessed 28 March 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2023) Table 6 \u2013 Consultations with health professionals for mental health [data set]. National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Available at: www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/health\/mental-health\/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing\/2020-2022\/Table%206%20-%20Consultations%20with%20health%20professionals%20for%20mental%20health%20by%20age%20and%20sex.xlsx (accessed 9 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"Australian Disability Clearinghouse on Education and Training (n.d.) Psycho-educational assessment process. Available at: www.adcet.edu.au\/oao\/for-disability-practitioners\/guidelines-for-assessment (accessed 16 August 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"Australian e-Health Research Centre (n.d.) Snapper. Available at: https:\/\/ontoserver.csiro.au\/site\/our-solutions\/snapper\/ (accessed 8 November)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2023) Appendix A13: Additional results by supplementary code depression (U79.3). Supplementary Codes for Chronic Conditions: Evaluation Report for Population Health Monitoring. Canberra ACT Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at: www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/fa2d93ab-0368-4498-94ed-ddd33ab655a4\/aihw-phc-11-appendix-a13-depression.pdf.aspx (accessed 28 October 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2024) People with disability in Australia: Income supplementary data tables [data set]. People with Disability in Australia. Available at: www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/86e883e3-fc0b-4842-9046-89d4100effd6\/aihw-dis-72-2024-income.xlsx (accessed 5 August 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00063-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2011.651682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2553-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Department of Social Services (2024) About the NDDA. Available at: www.ndda.gov.au\/about-ndda (accessed 31 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250.2011.572548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"Health Inequalities and People with Intellectual Disabilities","author":"Emerson E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emerson E, Hatton C (2014) Health Inequalities and People with Intellectual Disabilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2010.525869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Government of Australia (2020) National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Agreement. Canberra ACT Australia: Council on Federal Financial Relations. Available at: https:\/\/federalfinancialrelations.gov.au\/sites\/federalfinancialrelations.gov.au\/files\/2022-05\/nmh_suicide_prevention_agreement.pdf (accessed 10 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"Independent Health and Aged Care Pricing Authority (2015) ICD-10-AM\/ACHI\/ACS ninth edition. Available at: www.ihacpa.gov.au\/resources\/icd-10-amachiacs-ninth-edition (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2019.1595231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418804066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30289-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"SnoMAP: Pioneering the path for clinical coding to improve patient care","volume":"239","author":"Lawley M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lawley M, Truran D, Hansen D, et al. (2017) SnoMAP: Pioneering the path for clinical coding to improve patient care. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 239: 55\u201362.","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Mavromaras K Moskos M Mahuteau S et al. (2018) Evaluation of the NDIS: Final Report. Adelaide SA Australia: National Institute of Labour Studies. Available at: www.dss.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/04_2018\/ndis_evaluation_consolidated_report_april_2018.pdf (accessed 3 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12654"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0549-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.044461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","unstructured":"National Disability Insurance Agency (2023) History of the NDIS. Available at: www.ndis.gov.au\/about-us\/history-ndis (accessed 3 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"National Mental Health Commission (2017) Fifth National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan. Canberra ACT Australia: Department of Health. Available at: www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au\/publications\/fifth-national-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention-plan-2017 (accessed 10 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9698-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2022.2029641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2024054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17294\/2330-0698.1875"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","unstructured":"Royal Commission into Violence Abuse Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability (2020) Report on Public Hearing 4: Health Care and Services for People with Cognitive Disability. Canberra ACT Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https:\/\/disability.royalcommission.gov.au\/system\/files\/2020-10\/Report%20-%20Public%20hearing%204%20-%20Healthcare%20for%20people%20with%20cognitive%20disability.pdf (accessed 9 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","unstructured":"Royal Commission into Violence Abuse Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability (2023) Final Report: Executive Summary Our Vision for an Inclusive Australia and Recommendations. Canberra ACT Australia: Commonwealth of Australia. Available at: https:\/\/disability.royalcommission.gov.au\/system\/files\/2023-11\/Final%20report%20-%20Executive%20Summary%2C%20Our%20vision%20for%20an%20inclusive%20Australia%20and%20Recommendations.pdf (accessed 12 August 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-1130.2012.00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","volume-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities","author":"United Nations","year":"2006","unstructured":"United Nations (2006) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York: United Nations."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780192848741.003.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2017.1408724"}],"container-title":["Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674251324824","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00048674251324824","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00048674251324824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:58:00Z","timestamp":1777373880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00048674251324824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00048674251324824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674251324824","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-8674","1440-1614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-8674","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}