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Approximately 12,000 working-age participants (18\u201364\u2009years) were analysed per survey year, with subgroup interaction effects (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.1) explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 16% of participants reported taking medications, and 5% consulted a psychologist in the past year. About 14% experienced high distress, and 5% had very-high distress in the past month. Lower-income individuals were more likely to experience high psychological distress and use mental health medications. Specifically, 30% of adults in the lowest income quintile used medications, and 14% reported very-high distress, compared to 10% and 2% in the highest income group. More low-income individuals (9%) consulted a psychologist compared to high-income individuals (4%). Interaction analyses revealed that lower-income individuals who used medication or saw a psychologist exhibited up to four times higher distress than those in higher-income groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings reveal a concerning disparity when combined with other national data: individuals in the lowest income quintile face higher mental health symptoms, greater medication use, and are more likely to consult a psychologist, yet receive fewer consultations. This exploratory work deepens understanding of the complex relationship between income inequality, mental health symptoms, medications and healthcare utilisation in well-resourced countries like Australia. With mental ill-health rising globally, understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing equitable mental health policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251362049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T16:02:04Z","timestamp":1757606524000},"page":"989-1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interplay between psychological distress, income inequality, mental health-related medication use and consultations with a psychologist: Australian population-level data between 2011 and 2018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2716-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-729X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith G","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caley","family":"Tapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Shawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Southern Synergy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3227-815X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Meadows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Southern Synergy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Enticott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.928270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association (2020) Psychological Distress \u2013 APA Dictionary of Psychology. 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