{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T14:09:13Z","timestamp":1793628553968,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There has been an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in young people worldwide for over a decade. Population-based longitudinal studies can help show why this has occurred and whether it will continue throughout life for the present cohort of young people. This in turn will guide the policy response. We discuss two recent articles published in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry<\/jats:italic>\n                    which highlight the value of longitudinal studies in understanding the causal structure of mental health problems. Australia and New Zealand have a rich tradition of longitudinal studies dating to the 1970s, with some studies now enrolling offspring of the original cohorts. Advances in methods, computing technology and the availability of linked administrative data will make these studies even more valuable in future. The studies will need to evolve to capture shifting environmental factors, such as the digital environment. To get the most value from these studies, there needs to be secure long-term investment by central funding agencies and support for vibrant collaboration networks between the studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674261490060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:51:01Z","timestamp":1790675461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Why population-based longitudinal studies are vital for mental health prevention and policy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8960-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Foulds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Lifespan Institute, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, LifeCourse Initiative, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reremoana","family":"Theodore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Glauert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Connect Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development","author":"Bronfenbrenner U","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner U (2005) Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caspi A Houts RM Ambler A et al. (2020) Longitudinal assessment of mental health disorders and comorbidities across 4 decades among participants in the Dunedin birth cohort study. JAMA Network Open 3(4): e203221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022) Global regional and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Psychiatry 9(2): 137\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0275-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green MJ Watkeys OJ O\u2019Hare K et al. (2025) Cumulative incidence of adolescent mental disorders following childhood maltreatment: An Australian longitudinal population cohort study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 59(3): 197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674241307150","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674241307150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1n MA Wang W Leaf DE (2022) Target trial emulation: A framework for causal inference from observational data. 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Pediatrics 135(3): 460\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-2707","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.10.778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis CM Vassos E (2020) Polygenic risk scores: From research tools to clinical instruments. Genome Medicine 12(1): 44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-020-00742-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00742-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00163-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251371368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merlin T Weston A Tooher R (2009) Extending an evidence hierarchy to include topics other than treatment: Revising the Australian \u2018levels of evidence\u2019. 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