{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:05:47Z","timestamp":1790669147611,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,6]],"date-time":"2009-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Business &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Business scholars pay increasing attention to the expanded influence of stakeholders on firm strategies, legitimacy, and competitiveness. At the same time, analysts have noted that the transformed regulatory and legislative environments of recent decades have encouraged firms to become much more politically active. Surprisingly, relatively little research has tied together these two trends. The present study integrates perspectives on stakeholder management with research on corporate political activity to develop an understanding of the structural sources of stakeholder mobilization in professional grassroots lobbying campaigns. This study employs a unique, original data source to consider how the adoption of grassroots lobbying by a firm relates to its industry, degree of inside lobbying, partisan PAC contributions, and more. This research shows that corporate grassroots lobbying is shaped most significantly by a firm\u2019s degree of inside lobbying, as highly active firms take a diversified strategy for gaining influence. Firms in industries with a heavy public presence as well as those concerned with taxation, government appropriations, and economic development also adopt these strategies readily. PAC contributions to Republican, but not Democratic, candidates also heighten firms\u2019 propensity to lobby the public.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0007650309350210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,6]],"date-time":"2009-11-06T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1257546984000},"page":"561-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Putting a Face on the Issue"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0007650309350210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095915"},{"key":"bibr2-0007650309350210","first-page":"1","author":"Baker M. 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