{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:09:10Z","timestamp":1777507750768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Occup Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Despite the known benefits of work for people with mental illnesses, vocational outcomes of this group remain poor. Attempts at comparing the efficacy of various models of service delivery have met with limited success due to variations across studies.\n                    <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The purpose of this paper is to provide information about key characteristics related to outcomes in the field of vocational rehabilitation for people with serious mental illnesses.\n                    <jats:bold>Method<\/jats:bold>\n                    . A comprehensive review of literature published between 1990 and 2003 was conducted, resulting in 39 articles for analysis.\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    . A set of twelve characteristics was identified that appear to influence vocational outcomes across models. These characteristics relate to the types of services offered, the manner in which services are delivered, and the work environment.\n                    <jats:bold>Practice Implications.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The authors suggest these characteristics can be incorporated across models and practice settings. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for best practice in occupational therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000841740507200503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T18:09:56Z","timestamp":1364407796000},"page":"265-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Best Practice in Occupational Therapy: Program Characteristics that Influence Vocational Outcomes for People with Serious Mental Illnesses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Kirsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonnie Kirsh, PhD, OT Reg. (Ont.) is Assistant Professor in the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science at the University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1 V7."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Cockburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lynn Cockburn, MEd, OT Reg. (Ont.) is Assistant Professor in the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Gewurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rebecca Gewurtz, MSc, OT Reg. (Ont.) is a PhD student in the Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The individual placement and support model vsOccupational Therapy in Mental Health","author":"Auerbach E. S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Auerbach E. S. (2001). The individual placement and support model vs. the menu approach to supported employment: Where does occupational therapy fit in?. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 17 (2), 1\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"267","volume":"28","author":"Auerbach E. S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Auerbach E. S., Richardson P. (2005). The long-term work experiences of persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28, 267\u2013273.","journal-title":"The long-term work experiences of persons with severe and persistent mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"289","volume":"24","author":"Banks B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Banks B., Charleston S., Grossi T., Mank D. (2001). Workplace supports, job performance, and integration outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24, 289\u2013296.","journal-title":"Workplace supports, job performance, and integration outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"71","volume":"34","author":"Becker D. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Becker D. R., Drake R. E., Bond G. R., Xie H., Dain B. J., Harrison K. (1998). Job terminations among persons with severe mental illness participating in supported employment. Community Mental Health Journal, 34, 71\u201382.","journal-title":"Job terminations among persons with severe mental illness participating in supported employment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1223","volume":"47","author":"Becker D. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Becker D. R., Drake R. E., Farabaugh A., Bond G. R. (1996). Job preferences of clients with severe psychiatric disorders participating in supported employment programs. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1223\u20131226.","journal-title":"Job preferences of clients with severe psychiatric disorders participating in supported employment programs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"834","volume":"52","author":"Becker D. R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becker D. R., Smith J., Tanzman B., Drake R. E., Tremblay T. (2001). Fidelity of supported employment programs and employment outcomes. Psychiatric Services, 52, 834\u2013836.","journal-title":"Fidelity of supported employment programs and employment outcomes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"104","volume":"50","author":"Becker R. E.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Becker R. E., Meisler N., Stormer G., Brondino M. J. (1999). Employment outcomes for clients with severe mental illness in a PACT model replication. Program for Assertive Community Treatment. Psychiatric Services, 50, 104\u2013106.","journal-title":"Employment outcomes for clients with severe mental illness in a PACT model replication. Program for Assertive Community Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"139","volume":"40","author":"Bell G.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bell G. (1973). Role of the occupational therapist in a primary prevocational evaluation program. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 40, 139\u2013142.","journal-title":"Role of the occupational therapist in a primary prevocational evaluation program"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"25","volume":"18","author":"Bell M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bell M., Lysaker P. H. (1995). Paid work activity in schizophrenia: Program costs offset by costs of rehospitalization. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 18, 25\u201334.","journal-title":"Paid work activity in schizophrenia: Program costs offset by costs of rehospitalization"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"317","volume":"23","author":"Bell M. D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bell M. D., Lysaker P. H. (1997). Clinical benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia: 1-year follow-up. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, 317\u2013328.","journal-title":"Clinical benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia: 1-year follow-up"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"51","volume":"22","author":"Bell M. D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bell M. D., Lysaker P. H., Milstein R. M. (1996). Clinical benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22, 51\u201367.","journal-title":"Clinical benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"684","volume":"44","author":"Bell M. D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bell M. D., Milstein R. M., Lysaker P. H. (1993). Pay as an incentive in work participation by patients with severe mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44 (7), 684\u2013686.","journal-title":"Pay as an incentive in work participation by patients with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1216","volume":"47","author":"Blankertz L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blankertz L., Robinson S. (1996). Adding a vocational focus to mental health rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1216\u20131222.","journal-title":"Adding a vocational focus to mental health rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"11","volume":"22","author":"Bond G. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bond G. R. (1998). Principles of the Individual Placement and Support model: Empirical support. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 11\u201323.","journal-title":"Principles of the Individual Placement and Support model: Empirical support"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"75","volume":"40","author":"Bond G. R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bond G. R., Dietzen L., McGrew J., Miller L. (1995). Accelerating entry into supported employment for persons with severe psychiatric disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 40, 75\u201394.","journal-title":"Accelerating entry into supported employment for persons with severe psychiatric disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"335","volume":"48","author":"Bond G. R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bond G. R., Drake R. E., Mueser K. T., Becker D. R. (1997). An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 48, 335\u2013346.","journal-title":"An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"165","volume":"18","author":"Bozzer M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bozzer M., Samson D., Anson J. (1999). An evaluation of a community-based vocational rehabilitation program for adults with psychiatric disabilities. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 18, 165\u2013179.","journal-title":"An evaluation of a community-based vocational rehabilitation program for adults with psychiatric disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"464","volume":"65","author":"Brekke J. S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brekke J. S., Long J. D., Nesbitt N., Sobel E. (1997). The impact of service characteristics on functional outcomes from community support programs for persons with schizophrenia: A growth curve analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 464\u2013475.","journal-title":"The impact of service characteristics on functional outcomes from community support programs for persons with schizophrenia: A growth curve analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"249","volume":"28","author":"Bryson G.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bryson G., Lysaker P., Bell M. (2002). Quality of life benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 28, 249\u2013257.","journal-title":"Quality of life benefits of paid work activity in schizophrenia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"669","volume":"46","author":"Burns B. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burns B. J., Santos A. B. (1995). Assertive community treatment: An update of randomized trials. Psychiatric Services, 46, 669\u2013675.","journal-title":"Assertive community treatment: An update of randomized trials"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists","year":"1988","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. (1988). Position paper on occupational therapist's role in work related therapy. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, suppl. 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Position paper on occupational therapist's role in work related therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"29","volume":"60","author":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists","year":"1993","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. (1993). Vocational rehabilitation services in Canada. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60, 29\u201330.","journal-title":"Vocational rehabilitation services in Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Enabling occupation: An occupational therapy perspective","author":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists","year":"1997","unstructured":"Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. (1997). Enabling occupation: An occupational therapy perspective. Ottawa: CAOT Publications ACE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"1337","volume":"47","author":"Chandler D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chandler D., Meisel J., Hu T. W., McGowen M., Madison K. (1996). Client outcomes in a three-year controlled study of an integrated service agency model. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1337\u20131343.","journal-title":"Client outcomes in a three-year controlled study of an integrated service agency model"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"501","volume":"33","author":"Chandler D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chandler D., Meisel J., Hu T. W., McGowen M., Madison K. (1997). A capitated model for a cross-section of severely mentally ill clients: Employment outcomes. Community Mental Health Journal, 33, 501\u2013516.","journal-title":"A capitated model for a cross-section of severely mentally ill clients: Employment outcomes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Because of where we've been: The business behind the business of psychiatric survivor economic development","author":"Church K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Church K. (1997). Because of where we've been: The business behind the business of psychiatric survivor economic development. Toronto, ON: Ontario Council of Alternative Businesses."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"774","volume":"51","author":"Collins M. E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Collins M. E., Mowbray C. T., Bybee D. (2000). Characteristics predicting successful outcomes of participants with severe mental illlness in supported employment. Psychiatric Services, 51, 774\u2013780.","journal-title":"Characteristics predicting successful outcomes of participants with severe mental illlness in supported employment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume":"2","author":"Crowther R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crowther R., Marshall M., Bond G., Huxley P. (2003). Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness. The Cochrane Library, 2.","journal-title":"Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"387","volume":"65","author":"Davis S. F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davis S. F., Hyde P. (2002). Priorities in mental health research: An update. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65, 387\u2013389.","journal-title":"Priorities in mental health research: An update"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"451","volume":"16","author":"Drake R. E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drake R. E., Becker D. R., Bond G. R. (2003). Recent research on vocational rehabilitation for persons with severe mental illness. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 16, 451\u2013455.","journal-title":"Recent research on vocational rehabilitation for persons with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"493","volume":"25","author":"Drake R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drake R., Fox T. S., Leather P., Becker D., Musumeci J., Ingram W., , (1998). Regional variation in competitive employment for persons with severe mental illness. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 25, 493\u2013504.","journal-title":"Regional variation in competitive employment for persons with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"627","volume":"56","author":"Drake R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Drake R., McHugo G., Bebout R., Becker D., Harris M., Bond G., , (1999). A randomized clinical trial of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 627\u2013633.","journal-title":"A randomized clinical trial of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"391","volume":"64","author":"Drake R. E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Drake R. E., McHugo G. J., Becker D. R., Anthony W. A., Clark R. E. (1996). The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 391\u2013399.","journal-title":"The New Hampshire study of supported employment for people with severe mental illness"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"84","volume":"36","author":"Fabian E. S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fabian E. S. (1992). Supported employment and the quality of life: Does a job make a difference? Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 36, 84\u201397.","journal-title":"Supported employment and the quality of life: Does a job make a difference?"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"13","volume":"26","author":"Furlong R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furlong R., McCoy M. L., Dincin J., Clay R., McClory K., Pavick D. (2002). Jobs for people with the most severe psychiatric disorder: Thresholds Bridge North pilot. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 13\u201322.","journal-title":"Jobs for people with the most severe psychiatric disorder: Thresholds Bridge North pilot"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"220","volume":"68","author":"Hammen C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hammen C., Gitlin M., Altshuler L. (2000). Predictors of work adjustment in bipolar I patients: A naturalistic longitudinal follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 220\u2013225.","journal-title":"Predictors of work adjustment in bipolar I patients: A naturalistic longitudinal follow-up"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"575","volume":"54","author":"Holm M. B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holm M. B. (2000). Our mandate for the new millennium: Evidence-based practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 575\u2013585.","journal-title":"Our mandate for the new millennium: Evidence-based practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"53","volume":"25","author":"Jones C. J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones C. J., Perkins D. V., Born D. L. (2001). Predicting work outcomes and service use in supported employment services for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25, 53\u201359.","journal-title":"Predicting work outcomes and service use in supported employment services for persons with psychiatric disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"21","volume":"15","author":"Kirsh B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kirsh B. (1996). Influences on the process of work integration: The consumer perspective. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 15 (1), 21\u201337.","journal-title":"Influences on the process of work integration: The consumer perspective"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"13","volume":"24","author":"Kirsh B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirsh B. (2000a). Factors associated with employment for mental health consumers. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24, 13\u201321.","journal-title":"Factors associated with employment for mental health consumers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"109","volume":"14","author":"Kirsh B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirsh B. (2000b). Organizational culture, climate and person-environment fit: Relationship with employment outcomes for mental health consumers. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 14, 109\u2013122.","journal-title":"Organizational culture, climate and person-environment fit: Relationship with employment outcomes for mental health consumers"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"24","volume":"66","author":"Kirsh B.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirsh B. (2000c). Work, workers, and workplaces: A qualitative analysis of narratives of mental health consumers. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66 (4), 24\u201330.","journal-title":"Work, workers, and workplaces: A qualitative analysis of narratives of mental health consumers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"8","volume":"28","author":"Krupa T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krupa T. (2004). Employment, recovery and schizophrenia: Integrating health and disorder at work. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 28, 8\u201315.","journal-title":"Employment, recovery and schizophrenia: Integrating health and disorder at work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"645","volume":"21","author":"Lehman A.F.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lehman A.F. (1995). Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 645\u2013656.","journal-title":"Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"25","volume":"46","author":"Lustig D. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lustig D. C., Strauser D. R., Rice N. D., Rucker T. F. (2002). The relationship between working alliance and rehabilitation outcomes. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 46, 25\u201334.","journal-title":"The relationship between working alliance and rehabilitation outcomes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"279","volume":"28","author":"Macias C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Macias C., Lawrence D. T., Wang Q., Frey J., Barreira P. (2001). Work interest as a predictor of competitive employment: Policy implications for psychiatric rehabilitation. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 28, 279\u2013297.","journal-title":"Work interest as a predictor of competitive employment: Policy implications for psychiatric rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"247","volume":"33","author":"Marshak L. E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Marshak L. E., Bostick D., Turton L. J. (1990). Closure outcomes for clients with psychiatric disabilities served by the vocational rehabilitation system. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 33, 247\u2013250.","journal-title":"Closure outcomes for clients with psychiatric disabilities served by the vocational rehabilitation system"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume":"2","author":"Marshall M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marshall M., Gray A., Lockwood A., Green R. (2004). Case management for people with severe mental disorders. The Cochrane Library, 2.","journal-title":"Case management for people with severe mental disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"503","volume":"6","author":"McCrum B. W.","year":"1997","unstructured":"McCrum B. W., Burnside L. K., Duffy T. L. (1997). Organising for work: A job clinic for people with mental health needs. Journal of Mental Health, 6, 503\u2013513.","journal-title":"Organising for work: A job clinic for people with mental health needs"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"52","volume":"49","author":"McCue M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"McCue M., Katz-Garris L. (1983). The severely disabled psychiatric patient and the adjustment to work. Journal of Rehabilitation, 49 (4), 52\u201358.","journal-title":"The severely disabled psychiatric patient and the adjustment to work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"203","volume":"70","author":"McFarlane W. R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"McFarlane W. R., Dushay R. A., Deakins S. M., Stastny P., Lukens E. P., Toran J., , (2000). Employment outcomes in family-aided assertive community treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 203\u2013214.","journal-title":"Employment outcomes in family-aided assertive community treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"55","volume":"22","author":"McHugo G.J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"McHugo G.J., Drake R.E., Becker D.R. (1998). The durability of supported employment effects. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 55\u201361.","journal-title":"The durability of supported employment effects"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"298","volume":"70","author":"Moll S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moll S., Huff J., Detwiler L. (2003). Supported employment: Evidence for a best practice model in psychosocial rehabilitation. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70, 298\u2013310.","journal-title":"Supported employment: Evidence for a best practice model in psychosocial rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"419","volume":"185","author":"Mueser K. T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mueser K. T., Becker D. R., Torrey W. C., Xie H., Bond G. R., Drake R. E., , (1997). Work and nonvocational domains of functioning in persons with severe mental illness: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 419\u2013426.","journal-title":"Work and nonvocational domains of functioning in persons with severe mental illness: A longitudinal analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"411","volume":"10","author":"Mueser K. T.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mueser K. T., Becker D. R., Wolfe R. (2001). Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction. Journal of Mental Health, 10, 411\u2013417.","journal-title":"Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","first-page":"10","volume":"10","author":"Noble J. H.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Noble J. H., Honberg R. S., Hall L. L., Flynn L. M. (1999). NAMI executive summary. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 10, 10\u201317.","journal-title":"NAMI executive summary"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","first-page":"34","volume":"20","author":"Okapu S. O.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Okapu S. O., Anderson K. H., Sibulkin A. E., Butler J. S., Bickman L. (1997). The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary case management intervention on the employment of SSDI applicants and beneficiaries. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 20, 34\u201341.","journal-title":"The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary case management intervention on the employment of SSDI applicants and beneficiaries"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Action steps to real work","author":"Pape B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pape B. (2002). Action steps to real work. Toronto, ON: Canadian Mental Health Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","first-page":"368","volume":"24","author":"Quimby E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Quimby E., Drake R. E., Becker D. R. (2001). Ethnographic findings from the Washington, D.C., vocational services study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24, 368\u2013374.","journal-title":"Ethnographic findings from the Washington, D.C., vocational services study"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","first-page":"314","volume":"247","author":"Reker T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reker T., Eikelmann B. (1997). Work therapy for schizophrenic patients: Results of a 3-year prospective study in Germany. European Archives Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 247, 314\u2013319.","journal-title":"Work therapy for schizophrenic patients: Results of a 3-year prospective study in Germany"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","first-page":"457","volume":"101","author":"Reker T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reker T., Hornung W. P., Schonauer K., Eikelmann B. (2000). Long-term psychiatric patients in vocational rehabilitation programmes: A naturalistic follow-up study over 3 years. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 101, 457\u2013463.","journal-title":"Long-term psychiatric patients in vocational rehabilitation programmes: A naturalistic follow-up study over 3 years"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proactive vocational habilitation","author":"Rudrud E. H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rudrud E. H., Ziarnik J. P., Bernstein G. S., Ferrara J. M. (1984). Proactive vocational habilitation. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"15","volume":"17","author":"Rutman I. D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rutman I. D. (1994). How psychiatric disability expresses itself as a barrier to employment. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 17, 15\u201335.","journal-title":"How psychiatric disability expresses itself as a barrier to employment"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"207","volume":"18","author":"Secker J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Secker J., Membrey H. (2003). Promoting mental health through employment and developing healthy workplaces: The potential of natural supports at work. Health Education Research, 18, 207\u2013215.","journal-title":"Promoting mental health through employment and developing healthy workplaces: The potential of natural supports at work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","first-page":"193","volume":"35","author":"Stein L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stein L., Barry L., Van Dein G., Hollingsworth E. J., Sweeney J. K. (1999). Work and social support: A comparison of consumers who have achieved stability in ACT and clubhouse programs. Community Mental Health Journal, 35, 193\u2013204.","journal-title":"Work and social support: A comparison of consumers who have achieved stability in ACT and clubhouse programs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Creating supportive work environments for people with mental illnessUsing environments to enable occupational performance","author":"Strong S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strong S., Rebeiro K. (2003). Creating supportive work environments for people with mental illness. In Letts L., Rigby P., Stewart D. (Eds.), Using environments to enable occupational performance (pp. 137\u2013154). Thorofare, NJ: Slack."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Dreams and realities: Employment for people with serious mental health issues","author":"Sundar P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sundar P., Ochocka J. (2002). Dreams and realities: Employment for people with serious mental health issues. Toronto, ON: Canadian Mental Health Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","first-page":"515","volume":"191","author":"Twamley E. W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Twamley E. W., Jeste D. V., Lehman A. F. (2003). Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 515\u2013523.","journal-title":"Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","first-page":"230","volume":"40","author":"Xie H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xie H., Dain B. J., Becker D. R., Drake R. E. (1997). Job tenure among persons with severe mental illness. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40, 230\u2013238.","journal-title":"Job tenure among persons with severe mental illness"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000841740507200503","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000841740507200503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:29:54Z","timestamp":1777390194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000841740507200503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000841740507200503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000841740507200503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4174","1911-9828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4174","type":"print"},{"value":"1911-9828","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}