{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:02:40Z","timestamp":1777525360697,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of congenital heart disease (CHD). The cases were 346 children with CHD who were admitted to a university hospital in Tehran from 1995 to 2000 and controls (n=346) were randomly selected from children without CHD who were admitted during the same period. The medical records of both cases and controls were reviewed. Ten risk factors were studied and found to be more prevalent among cases (47%) than controls (35%, p&lt;O.005). Extracardiac malformations (OR, 31.1; C195, 15.9-60.9; p&lt;O.001) and chromosomal abnormalities (OR, 34.05; C195, 23.3-49.8; p&lt;0.001) were significant risk factors for CHD. Dysmorphic syndromes (p&lt;0.05) and CHD in siblings (p&lt;0.001) were also significant risk factors. Maternal illness and drug use in the first trimester of pregnancy, maternal history of previous abortions and stillbirths, parental consanguinity, and parental cardiac lesions were not significant risk factors for CHD in offspring. Results suggest that genetic factors more than environmental or reproductive factors can increase the occurrence of cardiac defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280204100903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T21:21:41Z","timestamp":1182460901000},"page":"653-658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Risk Factors in Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Shahla","family":"Roodpeyma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zinat","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnoush","family":"Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrbanou","family":"Naraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"155","volume":"655","author":"Zierler S","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350311"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"1362","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Bernstein D","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Pediatric Cardiology: A Problem Oriented Approach","author":"Fias JL","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00625952"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151707"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586052"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.6.529"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500205"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007671631188"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90199-X"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7118.1260"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1025368","volume":"204","author":"Loser H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00146368"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420410309"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90392-1"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"17. Comnor M, Ferguson-Smith M, eds. Essential Medical Genetics. London: Blackwell Science; 1997:103-115."},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"78","volume":"47","author":"Hassan I","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007601919164"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1963.tb05513.x"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.31.11.858"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00144842"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078004480.x"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"485","volume":"55","author":"Greenwood RD","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(05)80283-5"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03334972","volume":"8","author":"Tikkanen J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"atypb27","first-page":"945","volume-title":"Principle and Practice of Medical Genetics","author":"Michels VV","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"28. Emmanouilides GC, Riemeschneider TA, Allen HD, Gutgesell HP, eds. Clinical Synopsis of MOS and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998:8-14."},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500208"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992280204100903","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992280204100903","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:25:56Z","timestamp":1777393556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000992280204100903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000992280204100903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992280204100903","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9228","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}