{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:06:50Z","timestamp":1777525610150,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use has caused a decrease in the incidence of recurrent and refractory acute otitis media in the United States and a shift in the predominant pathogens. Now Haemophilus influenzae is the most commonly isolated organism (about 60% of the total), and more than half the strains make \u03b2-lactamase, rendering them resistant to amoxicillin. Penicillin nonsusceptible pneumococci, the main target of antibiotic therapy in the 1990s, has become a much less common isolate (10%- 25% of the total). These changes impact antibiotic selection for acute otitis media. Penicillin treatment of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis does not meet the minimum United States Food and Drug Administration standards for first-line treatment, which is 85% or greater eradication at the end of therapy. Recent results with amoxicillin suggest its efficacy is also waning. Cephalosporins have the highest bacteriologic and clinical efficacy. This has implications for optimal antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922806290102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T21:21:41Z","timestamp":1182460901000},"page":"493-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pathogen Shifts and Changing Cure Rates for Otitis Media and Tonsillopharyngitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Pichichero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Elmwood Pediatric Group, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000136871.51792.19"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000136868.91756.80"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.866"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0154-7"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289803700602"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280304200305"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Guidance for industry: Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis\u2014Developing Antimicrobial Drugs for Treatment. Guidance Document","author":"US Dept of Health and Human Services"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289203101101"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199912000-00008"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Therapy of Infectious Diseases","author":"Pichichero ME","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470160081036"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323027"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199610000-00032"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.6.815"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.6.999"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"48","volume":"39","author":"Eden T","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemo-therapy","author":"Harrison CJ"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","author":"Kafetzis DA"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199104000-00006"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.10.2030"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199407000-00001"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199507001-00005"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200210000-00003"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199312000-00001"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200210000-00002"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1451","volume":"113","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.107873"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1985.166"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.5.647"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200012001-00001"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199447050-00006"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200101000-00001"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1276"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(95)70300-4"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70247-0"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516540"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","volume":"155","author":"Swedo SE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432473"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013169"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.4.758","volume":"96","author":"Dajani A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340949"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"2003 Red Book. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"Committee on Infectious Diseases","year":"2003","edition":"26"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6689-6693.2004"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80228-6"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198707000-00004"},{"key":"atypb46","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Therapy of Infectious Diseases","author":"Pichichero ME","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1166","volume":"91","author":"Snellman LW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.11.1359"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.883"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.e578"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.4.356"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430307"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199312003-00008"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.866"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.1816"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/392520"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.02.004"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199801000-00009"},{"key":"atypb59","first-page":"614","volume":"139","author":"Ginsburg CM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.6.624"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.12part2.109S"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0009922806290102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0009922806290102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:26:39Z","timestamp":1777393599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0009922806290102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0009922806290102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0009922806290102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9228","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}}}