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Head Start families were divided into 4 groups based on passive smoke exposure and child chronic illness status. Analyses of covariance controlling for parent education, parent employment, marital status, and residence were conducted to identify group differences in the Family Map risk areas. Results. Families of chronically ill, passive smoke\u2013exposed children demonstrated the highest levels of risks across a range of areas including: meeting basic needs, family conflict, parenting stress, and parental depression and anxiety. Conclusions. Children living in poverty with a chronic illness who are exposed to smoke are likely to face many challenges in addition to their illness. Healthcare professionals can identify family risks and provide targeted educate and support to potentially reduce risk factors for children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815589927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T21:31:34Z","timestamp":1433971894000},"page":"840-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Familial Risk in Low-Income Children With Chronic Illness Exposed to Passive Smoke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Taren M.","family":"Swindle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Shapley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Kyzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Cheerla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Whiteside-Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0009922815589927","first-page":"1141","volume":"59","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bibr2-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61388-8"},{"key":"bibr3-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303109"},{"key":"bibr4-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1067"},{"key":"bibr5-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050296"},{"key":"bibr6-0009922815589927","volume-title":"Measurement of Personal Exposure to PM10 in the Non-Workplace Environment Using Passive Sampling Techniques","author":"Aitken R","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233"},{"key":"bibr8-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1602387"},{"key":"bibr9-0009922815589927","first-page":"14","volume":"16","author":"Wilson AL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Child Youth Fam Serv Q"},{"key":"bibr10-0009922815589927","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0168"},{"key":"bibr11-0009922815589927","unstructured":"US Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General. 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