{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:09:58Z","timestamp":1790838598808,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with reduced school performance. To determine which ADHD symptoms and subtypes have the strongest association, we used type and frequency of symptoms on the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome (NS-DATA) to create symptom scores for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and define subtypes (ADHD-Inattentive [ADHD-I], ADHD-Hyperactive-Impulsive, ADHD-Combined [ADHD-C]). Regression methods were used to examine associations between symptoms and subtype and a composite measure of school performance. Children with ADHD-C and ADHD-I had higher adjusted odds of having reduced overall school performance (ADHD-C = 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1-10.9; ADHD-I = 5.5, 95% CI = 3.1-10.1) compared with children without ADHD. All inattentive symptoms were significantly related to reduced school performance in reading, writing, and handwriting, while 6 of 9 symptoms were significantly associated in mathematics. Children with ADHD-I were significantly more likely than children with other ADHD subtypes to receive a school-based Individualized Education Program or 504 Plan. ADHD-I symptoms may be broadly linked to reduced school performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922820924692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T10:10:48Z","timestamp":1590142248000},"page":"874-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Symptom Level Associations Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and School Performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Rigoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn Zanardi","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Rettew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA"},{"name":"Vermont Department of Mental Health, Waterbury, VT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurin","family":"Kasehagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA"},{"name":"University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Field Support Branch, MCH Epidemiology Program Team, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1417860"},{"key":"bibr3-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31811ff87d"},{"key":"bibr4-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl054"},{"key":"bibr5-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.09.004"},{"key":"bibr6-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(02)00100-0"},{"key":"bibr7-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.08.011"},{"key":"bibr8-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712446813"},{"key":"bibr9-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.04.003"},{"key":"bibr10-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-327"},{"key":"bibr11-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2012.665766"},{"key":"bibr12-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204010371932"},{"key":"bibr13-0009922820924692","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200207000-00014"},{"key":"bibr14-0009922820924692","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey. 2014 National survey of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD and Tourette syndrome. Published 2015. Accessed April 4, 2018. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/slaits\/ns_data.htm"},{"key":"bibr15-0009922820924692","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National survey of children\u2019s health. Published 2013. 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