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Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively from 1163 patient visits. Providers were exposed to educational interventions, an electronic medical record order change, and provider feedback. Proportional control charts characterized the providers\u2019 behaviors and determined significant improvement among testing. The result was an increase in appropriate tests (13.7% to 37.8%), and the control charts showed sustainable results over time. This project demonstrates the efficacy of these methods to encourage antibiotic stewardship among providers. Furthermore, the interventions used here can be applied to other areas with low-value diagnostic testing. Future studies should investigate whether parental anxiety and educational programs influence testing and evaluate the efficacy of certain strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228221125823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T01:46:05Z","timestamp":1664415965000},"page":"309-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inappropriate Testing of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children Aged Below 3 Years: Application of Statistical Process Control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5855-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharlo","family":"Bayless","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Bihl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Rohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"},{"name":"Dayton Children\u2019s Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00099228221125823","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis847"},{"key":"bibr2-00099228221125823","unstructured":"Warrell D, Cox TM, Firth J, T\u00f6r\u00f6k E. 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