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The diagnostics of CDI is often challenging, especially concerning the underlying condition of the disease. This article highlights the diverse clinical presentation of children with CDI and diagnostic difficulties among patients with polyuria and polydipsia. The article also reviews the etiology, symptoms, diagnostic workup, and management of CDI. We present 4 pediatric patients (aged 3-13.5 years) diagnosed with CDI of different etiology: 1 due to septo-optic dysplasia\/optic nerve hypoplasia and 3 due to acquired processes such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and germ cell tumor in 2 patients. Central diabetes insipidus was the first manifestation of a tumor or granuloma in all presented patients with acquired pathology. The patients sometimes need long-term follow-up to establish the proper final diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228231202607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T02:15:36Z","timestamp":1696558536000},"page":"1044-1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Central Diabetes Insipidus in Children as a Diagnostic Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Kamil","family":"Dyrka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Dzialach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Niedziela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jonczyk-Potoczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Derwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-134X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Obara-Moszynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000336333"},{"key":"bibr2-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.109269"},{"key":"bibr3-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCN.0000408498.73812.97"},{"key":"bibr4-00099228231202607","first-page":"99","author":"Hensen J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr5-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4411"},{"key":"bibr6-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.03.005"},{"key":"bibr7-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.1.65"},{"key":"bibr8-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18999\/nagjms.78.4.349"},{"key":"bibr9-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00666.x"},{"key":"bibr10-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010053431403"},{"key":"bibr11-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/797620"},{"key":"bibr12-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1981"},{"key":"bibr13-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0668-z"},{"key":"bibr14-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0048"},{"key":"bibr15-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-014-0076-4"},{"key":"bibr16-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-008-0234-8"},{"key":"bibr17-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3724"},{"key":"bibr18-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5745"},{"key":"bibr19-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/jped.78"},{"key":"bibr20-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.90080"},{"key":"bibr21-00099228231202607","first-page":"445","volume":"76","author":"Brys ADH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"bibr22-00099228231202607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2015-0008"},{"key":"bibr23-00099228231202607","unstructured":"Hui C, Khan M, Radbel JM. 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