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This study investigates caregiver adherence rates to OAE and ABR testing in newborns who were referred for hearing screening in an inner-city urban population, with the aim of identifying risk factors for poor adherence. A retrospective chart review of full-term infants in 2016 and 2019 at 2 Bronx hospitals found nearly one third of newborns did receive the recommended 1-month OAE, and half of those referred following OAE missed timely 3-month ABR testing. Combining data from both years, multivariable analysis found maternal spoken language as a significant variable affecting ABR adherence. This study suggests future interventions should target language barriers to increase adherence rates for timely newborn hearing screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228251356467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T08:19:37Z","timestamp":1752913177000},"page":"1656-1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Newborn Hearing Screening: 1-3-6 Guidelines and How Well We Adhere to Them"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3095-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children\u2019s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-6481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aviya L.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn F.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Academic General Pediatrics, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Montefiore, The Pediatric Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Center for Hearing and Communication. 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