{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:49:57Z","timestamp":1777524597103,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]],"date-time":"1981-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":347155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Some of the adaptive coping styles of children with craniofacial anomalies are discussed. Three cases of children with microtia are described to illustrate developmental pathways used in adapting to their deformities. The complexity of the chronic medical and psychological challenges these children face is illustrated and discussed. In contrast to previous frameworks dealing with the problems of deviance and stigmatization, we use a psychological historical framework, drawing an analogy to Handlin's work on immigration. These children are born into a world that considers them strange and abhorent. They can be considered aliens entering a society of normal, non-disfigured people. The craniofacial center is conceptualized as a \"naturalization\" office where highly valued health care professionals are counted upon to reconstruct facial appearance and function. An enduring attachment and bonding process to the staff takes place, and the center becomes of considerable importance to the craniofacial patient's identity. The craniofacial patient often has to carry the pain of social isolation and stigma. Physicians caring for these children should be cognizant of their coping styles; so that development can be directed to move away from deviance to successful \"immigration into the country of normals\" and adaptation to life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288102000105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T18:00:38Z","timestamp":1217268038000},"page":"37-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immigrants Into Society"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Hanus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman R.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Kapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Clifford E.: Orofacial Anomalies: Clinical and Research Implications. ASHA Report 8. Washington, American Speech and Hearing Association , August 1973, pp 2-30"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Facial Deformities and Plastic Surgery","author":"McGregor FC","year":"1953"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Adaptation to Life","author":"Vaillant GE","year":"1977"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197912063012302"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"532","volume":"133","author":"Belfer MC","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Emotional Care of the Facially Burned and Disfigured","author":"Bernstein NR","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","author":"Goffman E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life","author":"Goffman E.","year":"1959"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance","author":"Becker HS","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Davis F.: Deviance disavowal: the management of strained interaction by the visibly handicapped, The Other Side, Perspectives on Deviance. Edited by HS Becker. Free Press of Glencoe, 1964, pp 119-137"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"412","volume":"38","author":"Kriegel L.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Scholar"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Schilder P.: The Image and Appearance of the Human Body. International Universities Press, 1950, pp 302-303"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"The Uprooted","author":"Handlin D.","year":"1973"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"World Federation for Mental Health, Eleventh Annual Meeting: Uprooting and Resettlement","author":"Erikson EH"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992288102000105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992288102000105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:23:49Z","timestamp":1777393429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000992288102000105"}},"subtitle":["Children with Craniofacial Anomalies"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000992288102000105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992288102000105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9228","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}