{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:50:27Z","timestamp":1777524627879,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,11,1]],"date-time":"1981-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":373420800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four hundred thirty-seven consecutively born full-term neonates, delivered at Jackson Memorial Hospital, were examined for the presence of mongolian spots (MS). The spots were found in 96% of the Negro children, 46% of the Hispanic children, 9.5% of the Caucasian children, and in both of the Asian children in the series. The sacro-gluteal region was the most frequent site of pigmentation, with the shoulders next in frequency. Almost all the spots on the extremities were located on the extensor surfaces. The color was most fre quently blue-green, but was also commonly greenish-blue, blue-gray, or brown. In a concurrent review of 124 newborn records, MS was not described by house officers in any, although the probability of its occurrence would have been approximately 90 cases, based on the results of the study. A comprehen sive review of the history of the description of MS and theories of its develop ment, as well as a review of the clinical aspects, is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288102001105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T18:00:38Z","timestamp":1217268038000},"page":"714-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The Mongolian Spot"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cordova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.2.218"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/bmsap.1907.7003"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01938832","volume":"141","author":"El Bahrawy AA","year":"1922","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syphilis"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1907.9.1.02a00030"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Brues AM: People and Races. New York, MacMillan Publishing, 1977, p 108"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80224-1"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2.7.197"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Gumilla J.: El Orinoco Ilustrado, y defendido, historia natural, civil y geographica de este gran rio. Madrid, II impresion , 1745, Vol I, p 82"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Hippocrates: On intercourse and pregnancy: an English translation of seman and on the development of the child, Translation of De Genitura and De Natura Pireri. New York, Schuman Press , 1952, p 39"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"187","volume":"16","author":"Adachi B.","year":"1901","journal-title":"J Anthropol Soc Tokyo"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"40","volume":"4","author":"Baelz E.","year":"1885","journal-title":"Mitt De Deutschen Ges Natur-und Volkerk De Ostassiens"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Adachi B.","year":"1903","journal-title":"Z Morphol Anthropol"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Comas J.: Manual of physical anthropology, Eighth Edition. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas. 1960 , pp 268-269"},{"key":"atypb14","author":"Gutierrez PD","year":"1928","journal-title":"J Phil"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"203","volume":"23","author":"Ashmead AS","year":"1905","journal-title":"J Cutan Dis"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"218","volume":"5","author":"Ratsimamanga AR","year":"1941","journal-title":"Rev Anthropol"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330100206"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"132","volume":"4","author":"Adachi B, Fujisawa","year":"1903","journal-title":"Z. Morphol Anthropol"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"81","volume":"36","author":"Fiorentino A.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Pediatria"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"447","volume":"23","author":"Fischer W.","year":"1919","journal-title":"Arch Schiff-u Trope-Hyg"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)97085-5"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"101","volume":"27","author":"Ferreira C.","year":"1924","journal-title":"Arch de Med de Inf Paris"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"562","volume":"43","author":"Ayala ET","year":"1971","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"775","volume":"41","author":"Mayerhofer E.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"209","volume":"25","author":"Apert E.","year":"1910","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1971.04000180106019"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial time to 1970. Bicentennial Edition. Part I","author":"United States. Bureau of the Census.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"The Diseases of Infants and Children","author":"Griffith Jpc","year":"1919"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Nelson, WE","year":"1945"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatrics","author":"Nelson WE","year":"1954"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1954.28"},{"key":"atypb32","first-page":"224","volume":"61","author":"Cole HN","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syph"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992288102001105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992288102001105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:23:54Z","timestamp":1777393434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000992288102001105"}},"subtitle":["A Study of Ethnic Differences and a Literature Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000992288102001105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992288102001105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9228","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,11]]}}}