{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:44:44Z","timestamp":1777524284847,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]],"date-time":"1990-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":638928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pediatr (Phila)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine whether formula-based definitions of specific reading disability (SRD) were related to the actual classroom performance of children aged 7\u00bd, the authors applied five definitions of SRD to a cohort of 243 children. The children were followed from birth and not selected on the basis of cognitive, reading, or academic performance criteria. The authors determined the concurrent validity of each of the formulas by comparing the prediction of each definition to whether the child received additional reading help in the classroom. Although the years behind method was significantly better than other approaches, no method identified more than 48 percent of the children who were given additional reading help. This study questions the ability of formula-based definitions adequately to identify young children with reading dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289002900401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T17:50:16Z","timestamp":1196099416000},"page":"206-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Detection of Young Children in Need of Reading Help"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick B.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue E.","family":"Antell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Bilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold J.","family":"Capute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute, Baltimore, Maryland and the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/747230"},{"issue":"230","key":"atypb2","first-page":"52407","volume":"41","author":"Office of Education.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Accardo PJ A neurodevelopmental perspective on specific learning disability. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 1980:193-201."},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"308","volume":"8","author":"Erickson M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Learning Dis"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510737"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947901200508"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Prevalence and types of dyslexia","author":"Rutter M.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698401800403"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Screening and diagnosis of children with learning disabilities","author":"Berk RA","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1984.tb04456.x"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03930.x"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1967.tb01895.x"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(70)90006-3"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992289002900401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/000992289002900401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:23:07Z","timestamp":1777393387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000992289002900401"}},"subtitle":["Evaluation of Specific Reading Disability Formulas"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/000992289002900401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000992289002900401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9228","1938-2707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9228","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2707","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}}}