{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:18:53Z","timestamp":1777681133958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013364","name":"gundersen medical foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hosp Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic medication commonly used in critical care areas for seizure treatment or prophylaxis. Compatibility data of levetiracetam with other critical care medications are limited, which can make administration challenging. This study aims to assess the physical Y-site compatibility of intravenous levetiracetam with some other commonly used critical care medications. Methods: Y-site administration was simulated by independently mixing levetiracetam with each of 11 selected medications in a 4-dram, colorless, screw-cap, glass vial, at a 1:1 ratio. Clinically used concentrations of each medication were compounded in 0.9% sodium chloride following United States Pharmacopeia chapter 797 standards. Physical compatibility was observed and assessed at 0, 15, and 30 minutes after mixing. Medication mixtures were considered physically incompatible if there was visual evidence of color change, gas evolution, haze, or particulate formation, pH change &gt;10%, or if they had an absorbance value &gt;0.010 A. Results: No evidence of physical incompatibility was observed during simulated Y-site testing with cisatracurium 1 mg\/mL, dexmedetomidine 4 \u00b5g\/mL, fosphenytoin 15 mg PE\/mL, norepinephrine 16 mg\/mL, norepinephrine 32 mg\/mL, norepinephrine 64 mg\/mL, piperacillin-tazobactam 33.75 mg\/mL, propofol 10 mg\/mL, vancomycin 5 mg\/mL, or vasopressin 1 unit\/mL when tested in 0.9% sodium chloride. Levetiracetam was incompatible with piperacillin-tazobactam 45 mg\/mL. Conclusion: Levetiracetam 5 mg\/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride was found to be physically compatible for 30 minutes with 10 of the 11 medications tested during simulated Y-site administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578719893376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T08:25:01Z","timestamp":1576225501000},"page":"282-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Y-Site Compatibility of Intravenous Levetiracetam With Commonly Used Critical Care Medications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2067-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Villareal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00121"},{"key":"bibr2-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9341-6"},{"key":"bibr3-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070607"},{"key":"bibr4-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2937"},{"key":"bibr5-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.06.002"},{"key":"bibr6-0018578719893376","unstructured":"Keppra injection (levetiracetam) [prescribing information]. Smyrna, GA: UCB Inc; 2017."},{"key":"bibr7-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp180069"},{"key":"bibr8-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e8adcc"},{"key":"bibr9-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719902300267"},{"key":"bibr10-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112465653"},{"key":"bibr11-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0149-x"},{"key":"bibr12-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj5005-376"},{"key":"bibr13-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4801-44"},{"key":"bibr14-0018578719893376","volume-title":"The United States Pharmacopeia, 37th rev., and the National Formulary, 32nd ed","author":"Pharmaceutical compounding\u2014sterile preparations (general chapter 797)","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr15-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj5202-132"},{"key":"bibr16-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp090505"},{"key":"bibr17-0018578719893376","volume-title":"Handbook on Injectable Drugs (R): Ashp\u2019s Guide to IV Compatibility and Stability","author":"Pharmacists AS.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr18-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp100663"},{"key":"bibr19-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/54.11.1287"},{"key":"bibr20-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070322"},{"key":"bibr21-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/45.7.1569"},{"key":"bibr22-0018578719893376","first-page":"1159","volume":"40","author":"Trissel LA.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr23-0018578719893376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2007.07.002"},{"key":"bibr24-0018578719893376","unstructured":"USP. 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