{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:01:47Z","timestamp":1784548907245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hosp Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Opioids are often part of the post-operative pain regimen after orthopaedic surgery. Novel multimodal post-operative pain control regimens have been developed to decrease the amount of opioid usage due to their negative side effects including nausea, constipation, and addiction. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost of postoperative pain management treatment methods after orthopaedic surgery between opioid\/acetaminophen therapy and an opioid-free, multidrug, multimodal pathway.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 2 IRB approved prospective studies that evaluated pain control after elective orthopaedic surgery from a single institution. The first study analyzed the use of opioid medication after hallux valgus surgery and calculated the total cost of opioid pain medication consumed. The second study assessed the pain of patients after elective foot and ankle surgery utilizing a novel opioid-free multimodal pain pathway that included 5 medications. The postoperative prescription costs of these 2 pain management groups were totaled, analyzed, and compared. A paired\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test was used to compare the means of these 2 groups and to evaluate whether significant differences might exist between them.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We noted that the opioid group had an average cost of $8.92 (SD $5.74), while the opioid-free multimodal group had an average total cost of $25.60 (SD $10.49),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001. The average difference in cost between the 2 regimens was $16.68.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    There was a statistically significant difference between the costs of an opioid-free multimodal post-operative pain regimen when compared to an opioid\/acetaminophen therapy, irrespective of public vs private insurance. This 17-dollar cost difference may or may not be clinically significant depending on the financial situation of the patient, but it may be important for the clinician to consider to provide appropriate individualized patient care after orthopaedic surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    II.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787241303721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T01:00:56Z","timestamp":1735606856000},"page":"266-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Cost Analysis of Opioid\/Acetaminophen Therapy Versus a Multidrug, Opioid-Free Multimodal Postoperative Pain Control Regimen"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"James Benjamin","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4033-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yianni","family":"Bakaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Department of Plastic Surgery, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Brandon","family":"Bookstaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aly","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Prisma Health Richland, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prisma Health Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2019.0518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.01022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-18-00064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-018-0165-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"A multimodal approach for postoperative pain management after lumbar decompression surgery: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"26","author":"Garcia RM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia RM, Cassinelli EH, Messerschmitt PJ, Furey CG, Bohlman HH. A multimodal approach for postoperative pain management after lumbar decompression surgery: a prospective, randomized study. 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In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2014.67.5.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"Trends in opioid use, harms, and treatment","author":"NationalAcademies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division;Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse","year":"2017","unstructured":"NationalAcademies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division;Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse. Pain management and the opioid epidemic: balancing societal and individual benefits and risks of prescription opioid use. In: Phillips JK, Ford MA, Bonnie RJ, eds. Trends in opioid use, harms, and treatment. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1404200504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Naloxone Prescription Mandates. Harm reduction and overdose prevention fact sheet. 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