{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:07:24Z","timestamp":1780052844990,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Factors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: The aim of this study was to track the course of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and pilot performance during an episode of gravity-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC). Background: GLOC, a major problem facing pilots of high-performance aircraft, is brought about by a sudden reduction in rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> as a result of increased +Gz force. It consists of 24 s of complete functional impairment followed by a prolonged period of performance recovery. This study tested the hypothesis that delayed recovery in GLOC is caused by a slow return of rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> following removal of the g-force that induced the episode. Method: GLOC was induced in U.S. Air Force personnel via a centrifuge with math and tracking tasks emulating flight performance. A near-infrared spectroscopy unit provided the rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measure. Results: Declines in rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from baseline pinpointed when pilots would cease active flight control and when GLOC would set in. Counter to expectation, rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> returned to baseline levels shortly after the centrifuge came to a complete stop following GLOC onset. Nevertheless, performance deficits continued for 49.45 s thereafter. Conclusion: The prolonged performance recovery time in GLOC cannot be attributed to delays in the return of rSO<jats:sub> 2<\/jats:sub>. This finding explains why previous ergonomic efforts to shorten the duration of GLOC episodes by increasing the rate of return of rSO<jats:sub> 2<\/jats:sub> have not been fruitful. Evidently, another approach is needed. Application: Such an approach might use the close linkage between loss of rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, performance deterioration, and GLOC onset to develop a warning system that would permit pilots to take effective action to avoid GLOC incapacitation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809359631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,24]],"date-time":"2010-02-24T03:18:34Z","timestamp":1266981514000},"page":"775-784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["On Tracking the Course of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and Pilot Performance During Gravity-Induced Loss of Consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lloyd D.","family":"Tripp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Warm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Y.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Bruce","family":"Bracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development No. 490","author":"Albery, W.B."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.70040"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Banks, R.D., Brinkley, J.W., Allnutt, R. & Harding, R.M. ( 2008). Human response to acceleration. In J. R. Davis, R. Johnson , J. Stepanek, & J. A. Fogarty (Eds.), Fundamentals of aerospace medicine (4th ed., pp. 83-109). 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